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    Chapter 14: Polymer Structures (Macromolecules)

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    Musa Alamgeer
    This document discusses polymer structures and properties. [1] Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating monomer units connected by covalent bonds, with molecular masses ranging from 5,000 to 10 million Daltons. [2] Polymers exhibit a variety of properties and are used to make fibers, sheets, coatings, glues, rubbers and more. [3] The structure and configuration of polymer chains, including isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms, influence the properties of different polymers.

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    Chapter 14: Polymer Structures (Macromolecules)

    Uploaded by

    Musa Alamgeer
    26 views35 pages
    This document discusses polymer structures and properties. [1] Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating monomer units connected by covalent bonds, with molecular masses ranging from 5,000 to 10 million Daltons. [2] Polymers exhibit a variety of properties and are used to make fibers, sheets, coatings, glues, rubbers and more. [3] The structure and configuration of polymer chains, including isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms, influence the properties of different polymers.

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    slides of Chapter polimer by Pakistan

    Original Title

    Polymer - 18

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    This document discusses polymer structures and properties. [1] Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating monomer units connected by covalent bonds, with molecular masses ranging from 5,000 to 10 million Daltons. [2] Polymers exhibit a variety of properties and are used to make fibers, sheets, coatings, glues, rubbers and more. [3] The structure and configuration of polymer chains, including isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms, influence the properties of different polymers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views35 pages

    Chapter 14: Polymer Structures (Macromolecules)

    Uploaded by

    Musa Alamgeer
    This document discusses polymer structures and properties. [1] Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating monomer units connected by covalent bonds, with molecular masses ranging from 5,000 to 10 million Daltons. [2] Polymers exhibit a variety of properties and are used to make fibers, sheets, coatings, glues, rubbers and more. [3] The structure and configuration of polymer chains, including isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms, influence the properties of different polymers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Chapter 14: Polymer Structures ( Macromolecules )

    Monomer Polymer
    Polyethylene

    Why zigzag shape ?


    Polymers are Macromolecules
    with Molecular Mass in the range
    5,000 – 10 X 106 Dalton / Mol
    Polymers are used as:

    Fibers, Sheets, Blocks, Coatings, Glues,


    Gums, Grease, Wax, Rubbers, Foams

    Transparent
    Fire proof
    Compared to steel: 20 times stronger, 5 -6 times lighter
    Sheets as thin as 3µm ( Doctors ) )
    Superglues
    Insulators
    Corrosion resistance
    Foam forming
    Green house Agriculture
    Table 14.3
    Write formula for Polypropylene and Polystyrene
    HDPE LDPE
    Isoprene monomer

    and

    its line structure


    Natural Rubber from
    Isoprene monomer
    (cis or trans)
    Molecular Mass: Number average
    Weight Average
    Molecules of Polymers do not have the same mass

    Number of Mass of each


    Molecules Molecule
    1 800,000
    3 750,000
    5 700,000
    8 650,000
    Number 10 600,000 Weight
    average 13 550,000
    average
    20 500,000
    13 450,000
    10 400,000
    8 350,000
    5 300,000
    3 250,000
    1 200,000
    Number Average Molar Mass Mn = [∑Ni.Mi /∑Ni] =500,000

    Mass of Each type Total Mass of Each Type of


    Ni Molecules, Mi Molecules, NiMi
    1 800,000 800,000
    3 750,000 2,250,000
    5 700,000 3,500,000
    8 650,000 5,200,000
    10 600,000 6,000,000
    13 550,000 7,150,000
    20 500,000 10,000,000
    13 450,000 5,850,000
    10 400,000 4,000,000
    8 350,000 2,800,000
    5 300,000 1,500,000
    3 250,000 750,000
    1 200,000 200,000
    ∑Ni=100 Total Mass ∑NiMi = 50,000,000
    No. of
    Mass of Each type Total Mass of Each Weight Fraction
    Molecule
    Molec. Type of Molecule Type of Molecule
    s

    (Ni) (Mi) (NiMi) Wi =(Ni Mi / ∑(Ni Mi) (WiMi)


    1 800,000 800,000 0.016 12,800
    3 750,000 2,250,000 0.045 33,750
    5 700,000 3,500,000 0.070 49,000
    8 650,000 5,200,000 0.104 67,600
    10 600,000 6,000,000 0.120 72,000
    13 550,000 7,150,000 0.143 78,650
    20 500,000 10,000,000 0.200 100,000
    13 450,000 5,850,000 0.117 52,650
    10 400,000 4,000,000 0.080 32,000
    8 350,000 2,800,000 0.056 19,600
    5 300,000 1,500,000 0.030 9,000
    3 250,000 750,000 0.015 3,750
    1 200,000 200,000 0.004 800
    ∑Ni=100 ∑(NiMi)=50,000,000 ∑Wi=1.00 ∑WiMi =531,600
    Average Molar mass of dry air = (0.01)(40)+(0.21)(32)+(0.78)(28)=28.96
    Ar O2 N2
    Example 14.4a
    Alternative way of finding the size distribution of polymers

    Degree of Polymerization

    Where m is molecular mass of the repeat unit


    For instance, for PVC
    = number of repeat units
    Shape of polymer molecules
    AFM images of Single molecules of polymer
    Molecular Structure
    Molecular
    Configuration
    in 2 – D
    Molecular Stereoisomerism
    Configuration
    3-D
    Isotactic

    Syndiotactic

    Atactic
    Structure
    bvh

    Hjb
    Copolymers Random copolymer

    Alternating
    copolymer

    Styrene- Butadiene
    SBR
    And Block copolymer

    Nitrile Rubber
    NBR Graft copolymer
    NBR is made up of
    acrylonitrile +
    Butadiene
    Nitrile Rubber
    NBR

    Styrene-Butadiene
    SBR
    Polymer Crystallinity ( Solid polymer is partially crystalline )
    How to find % crystallinity

    Where ρa density of amorphous


    ρc density of crystalline
    ρs density of the sample
    Polyethene
    Orthorhombic
    Unit cell
    Crystalline

    = 46.4 %
    Thermoplastic>>>>>this type can be converted from one
    form to other without disturbing the
    molecules
    and
    Thermosetting polymers
    Crystalline polymer Amorphous polymer

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