Corrosion: B.Sc. Chemistry 4 Sem. Aanchal Gupta Bhawna Sharma Jayati Sisodia Geetika Ojha

Corrosion
B.Sc. Chemistry 4th sem.

Aanchal Gupta
Bhawna Sharma
Jayati Sisodia
Geetika Ojha
Degradation or
Corrosion indeterioration
generalof a
wastage of a material through
metal by the contact with its
action of environment
corrosive agents. or chemical
reaction with the
This presentation isenvironment.
review on
different types of corrosion for
metals , its causes , effects , and
preventive methods.
• numerous environmental factors can cause
corrosion .such as : temperature, humidity, and
gaseous pollutants.
• metals are highly reactive elements due to less

number of valence electrons therefore they tend
to lose electrons during chemical reactions.
• electrochemical process or
electron transfer reaction
• when metal are exposed to

strong acids
• involves the oxidation of a

pure metal
Chemistry behind Corrosion
metals
oxidation metal
loss
reaction cations
electrons
• M→M++e−
• Some metals loss one electron (sodium)

• Some more than one (Fe, Cu etc).
• The loss of electrons from metal is a common
anodic reaction.
• Fe→Fe2++2e−
• The free electrons produce from metal atoms
move to cathodic site :
atmospheric
oxygen for hydroxyl
electrons
ions.
and moisture
• O2+4e−+4H2O→4OH−
• These hydroxyl ions quickly react with metal ions to

form metallic hydroxides
• non-reactive metals like gold, platinum do not react

with atmospheric oxygen and do not corrode.
• example : formation of rust on iron.
• Once exposed to the atmosphere, iron rapidly

oxidizes.
•
• The electrons reduce oxygen in the air in acidic
solutions.
• rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide, which forms
when iron(II) ions react further with oxygen.
• formation of rust does not create a protective

layer and so corrosion of the iron continues as
the rust flakes off and exposes fresh iron to the
atmosphere.
Dry & Wet Corrosion
• Dry corrosion - when oxygen
in the air reacts with metal
without the presence of a
liquid.
• sensitive to temperature.
• vary from metal to metal
• oxygen has to be able to make
contact with the metal surface.
• oxide layer, that forms on the
metal surface, will limit the
amount of oxygen that can
further react with the metal.
• Wet corrosion –
• most common form of

corrosion.
• an “electrochemical cell” is
produced.
• anode is the metal that
corrodes. undergoes oxidation
• cathode can be a metal or any
other conducting material.
undergoes reduction
• An electrolyte must be present
to allow for migration of ions
Galvanic Corrosion
• A common type of corrosion
• two different metals
connected in an electrolyte.
one metal corrodes in
protection of the other.
• One metal is corroding
(M —» Mn++ ne-)
while the other metal is
reacting
(Mn++ ne- —» M).
• anodic electrode corrodes ,
cathodic electrode is
protected.
• Also called the sacrificial
anode.
• Stress Corrosion
• when a material exists in a

relatively inert environment
but corrodes due to an applied
stress.
• a form of galvanic corrosion,
where stressed areas of the
material are anodic to the
unstressed areas of the
material.
PREVENTION from CORROSION
Metal type
Protective coating
Sacrificial coatings
Environmental
Corrosion inhibitors
Design modification
Metal type
• Simplest way
• Using a corrosion resistant material such as Al or

stainless steel
• Depending upon application, they reduce other cost

factors involved in corrosion protection
Protective coatings
• Cost effective way of paint coating the material
• Action: Act as barrier to prevent transfer of
electrochemical charge from the corrosive solution
to the metal underneath.
• Powder coating
• Action: Dry powder Is applied to clean metal
surface Which is then heated to fuse the powder and
make a smooth unbroken film.
A no. Of different powder compositions can be used
–Acrylic, polyester, epoxy, Nylon and urethane
Environmental measures
• Simple –by reducing exposure to Rain Or
seawater
• Complex – controlling the amount of sulfur,

oxygen Or chlorine in environment, like Treating
water in water boilers in softner to adjust
hardness, alkalinity or Oxygen content.
Design modification
• Metals should be designed to avoid trapping
dust and water, encourage movement of air and
avoid open crevices. Ensuring regular
maintenance also increase longevity.
Sacrificial coatings
Action: coating metal with additional metal type that
is more likely to oxidize. Hence the name “sacrificial
coatings”.
Cathodic Protection
Action- work by making steel cathode of an
electrochemical cell. Hence the name.
Common example is galvanizing i.e., coating of iron
alloy steel with Zn.
Uses-Steel pipelines carrying water or fuel, Water
heater tanks, offshore oil platforms.
Anodic protection
Action- makes metal anode of an electrochemical
cell. Hence the name. It involves Coating the Iron
alloy steel with less active metal (tin), which
cannot corrode thereby protecting metal.
Uses- carbon steel storage tank Used to store
sulfuric acid and 50% caustic soda
Corrosion inhibitors
Action- chemicals that are applied to the surface

of metal where they form protective layer,
they react with Surface of metal to supreme
electrochemical reactions which lead to corrosion.
Applied via process known as passivation.
Example- statue of liberty

Real time experimentations
Metal Constant Time of Conditions Corrosion rate

sample Temperatur exposure (mmpy)
e
Steel metal •30 ◦ C •1 hour •0.5 N HCl •8.90 mmpy
strip •0.5 N H2SO4 •13.47 mmpy
Aluminium •30 ◦ C •1 hour • 1 N HCl •40.55 mmpy

metal strip • 1 N H2SO4 •1.622 mmpy
Determining the corrosion rate of steel and aluminium
metal
• Keeping the properly cleaned metal samples in different

corrosion mediums for 1 hour at constant temperature
of 30◦c we determined the corrosion rates of the metal
samples
Cr = 87.6 × W/ D×A×T (mmpy)

• W=weight loss in metal sample after corrosion
• D = density of metal (g/cc)
• A = area of exposed metal
• T = time of exposure
• (mmpy) = mili miles per year
• Corrosion is harmful for the metal or any
material , and needs to be prevented.
• Accidents due to mechanical lose of metallic
bridges, cars, aircrafts etc.
• Causes pollution due to escaping products from
corrosion
• Depletion of natural resource ( Metals)
• Lose of efficiency
• Contamination of product
• blockage of pipes, mechanical damage of
underground water pipes

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Corrosion

B.Sc. Chemistry 4th sem.

• metals are highly reactive elements due to less

• when metal are exposed to

• involves the oxidation of a

• Some metals loss one electron (sodium)

• These hydroxyl ions quickly react with metal ions to

• non-reactive metals like gold, platinum do not react

• Once exposed to the atmosphere, iron rapidly

• formation of rust does not create a protective

• most common form of

• when a material exists in a

• Using a corrosion resistant material such as Al or

• Depending upon application, they reduce other cost

• Complex – controlling the amount of sulfur,

Action- chemicals that are applied to the surface

Example- statue of liberty

Metal Constant Time of Conditions Corrosion rate

Aluminium •30 ◦ C •1 hour • 1 N HCl •40.55 mmpy

• Keeping the properly cleaned metal samples in different

Cr = 87.6 × W/ D×A×T (mmpy)

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