Cloud Computing

Section-1

Prepared by
Manish Kumar Aery.
IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar
INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPTING
 The term cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote server
maintained data and application. Cloud Computing includes data, application and storage
and also provides these three basic services i.e. Software as a service, platform as a service
and infrastructure as a service. In software as a service model, companies provide software
services to different customers by virtualized environment. In platform as a service,
companies provide different software development environment to the user in which they
can develop their applications by using the company’s platform. In infrastructure as a
service, the user of the cloud uses the physical infrastructure of the cloud providers such as
servers, hard disks etc. The main advantage of cloud computing is that the customer pays
for what they are using.
What is Cloud?
The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say that Cloud is
something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide services over public
and private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN. Applications such as e-mail, web
conferencing, customer relationship management (CRM) execute on cloud.
What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the hardware and
software resources remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application.
From a user's point of view, a good cloud computing definition is using Web
applications and/or server services that you pay to access rather than software or
hardware that you buy and install.
The Definition
The NIST definition of cloud computing is: Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction. In our opinion this definition covers the field of cloud computing.
Characteristics
 Cloud computing has a variety of characteristics, with the main ones being:
 Shared Infrastructure- Uses a virtualized software model, enabling the sharing of physical services, storage,
and networking capabilities . The cloud infrastructure, regardless of deployment model, seeks to make the most
of the available infrastructure across a number of users .
 Dynamic Provisioning-Allows for the provision of services based on current demand requirements . This is
done automatically using software automation, enabling the expansion and contraction of service capability, as
needed .This dynamic scaling needs to be done while maintaining high levels of reliability and security .
 Network Access-Needs to be accessed across the internet from a broad range of devices such as PCs, laptops,
and mobile devices, using standards-based APIs (for example, ones based on HTTP) . Deployments of services
in the cloud include everything from using business applications to the latest application on the newest smart
phones .
 Managed Metering-Uses metering for managing and optimizing the service and to provide reporting and
billing information . In this way, consumers are billed for services according to how much they have actually
used during the billing period .
 On Demand Self Service-Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services and resources on demand.
One can logon to a website at any time and use them.
 Broad Network Access-Since cloud computing is completely web based, it can be accessed from anywhere
and at any time.
 Resource Pooling-Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a pool of resources. One can share
single physical instance of hardware, database and basic infrastructure.
 Rapid Elasticity-It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at any time. Scaling of
resources means the ability of resources to deal with increasing or decreasing demand. The resources being used
by customers at any given point of time are automatically monitored.
 Measured Service-In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects of cloud service.
Resource optimization, billing, and capacity planning etc. depend on it.
 Benefits
 Cloud Computing has numerous advantages. Some of them are listed below
-
 One can access applications as utilities, over the Internet.
 One can manipulate and configure the applications online at any time.
 It does not require to install a software to access or manipulate cloud
application.
 Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools,
programming runtime environment through PaaS model.
 Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provide
platform independent access to any type of clients.
 Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be
used without interaction with cloud service provider.
 Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high
efficiency with optimum utilization. It just requires an Internet connection
 Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.
 Challenges
1. Security and Privacy-The main challenge to cloud computing is how it addresses the security and
privacy concerns of businesses thinking of adopting it. The fact that the valuable enterprise data will reside
outside the corporate firewall raises serious concerns. Hacking and various attacks to cloud infrastructure
would affect multiple clients even if only one site is attacked. These risks can be mitigated by using security
applications, encrypted file systems, data loss software, and buying security hardware to track unusual
behavior across servers. It is difficult to assess the costs involved due to the on-demand nature of the
services. Budgeting and assessment of the cost will be very difficult unless the provider has some good and
comparable benchmarks to offer. The service-level agreements (SLAs) of the provider are not adequate to
guarantee the availability and scalability. Businesses will be reluctant to switch to cloud without a strong
service quality guarantee.
3. Interoperability and Portability-Businesses should have the leverage of migrating in and out of the
cloud and switching providers whenever they want, and there should be no lock-in period. Cloud
computing services should have the capability to integrate smoothly with the on-premise IT.
4. Reliability and Availability-Cloud providers still lack round-the-clock service; this results in frequent
outages. It is important to monitor the service being provided using internal or third-party tools. It is vital
to have plans to supervise usage, SLAs, performance, robustness, and business dependency of these
services.
5. Performance and Bandwidth Cost-Businesses can save money on hardware but they have to spend
more for the bandwidth. This can be a low cost for smaller applications but can be significantly high for the
data-intensive applications. Delivering intensive and complex data over the network requires sufficient
bandwidth. Because of this, many businesses are waiting for a reduced cost before switching to the cloud.
.
Why use clouds?
1. Flexibility-Cloud-based services are ideal for businesses with growing or fluctuating
bandwidth demands. If your needs increase it’s easy to scale up your cloud capacity,
drawing on the service’s remote servers. Likewise, if you need to scale down again, the
flexibility is baked into the service.
2. Disaster recovery-Businesses of all sizes should be investing in robust disaster recovery,
but for smaller businesses that lack the required cash and expertise, this is often more an
ideal than the reality. Cloud is now helping more organisations buck that trend, small
businesses are twice as likely as larger companies to have implemented cloud-based
backup and recovery solutions that save time, avoid large up-front investment and roll up
third-party expertise as part of the deal.
3. Automatic software updates-The beauty of cloud computing is that the servers are
off-premise, out of sight and out of your hair. Suppliers take care of them for you and roll
out regular software updates – including security updates – so you don’t have to worry
about wasting time maintaining the system yourself.
4. Capital-expenditure Free-Cloud computing cuts out the high cost of hardware. You
simply pay as you go and enjoy a subscription-based model that’s kind to your cash flow.
5. Increased collaboration-When your teams can access, edit and share documents
anytime, from anywhere, they’re able to do more together, and do it better. Cloud-based
workflow and file sharing apps help them make updates in real time and gives them full
visibility of their collaborations.
6. Work from anywhere-With cloud computing, if you’ve got an internet connection you
can be at work. And with most serious cloud services offering mobile apps, you’re not
restricted by which device you’ve got to hand.
7. Document control-The more employees and partners collaborate on documents, the
greater the need for watertight document control. Before the cloud, workers had to send
files back and forth as email attachments to be worked on by one user at a time. Sooner or
later – usually sooner – you end up with a mess of conflicting file content, formats and
titles.When you make the move to cloud computing, all files are stored centrally and
everyone sees one version of the truth. Greater visibility means improved collaboration,
which ultimately means better work and a healthier bottom line
8. Security-Lost laptops are a billion dollar business problem. And potentially greater than
the loss of an expensive piece of kit is the loss of the sensitive data inside it. Cloud
computing gives you greater security when this happens. Because your data is stored in
the cloud, you can access it no matter what happens to your machine.
9. Competitiveness-Wish there was a simple step you could take to become more
competitive? Moving to the cloud gives access to enterprise-class technology, for
everyone. It also allows smaller businesses to act faster than big, established competitors.
10. Environmentally friendly-While the above points spell out the benefits of cloud
computing for your business, moving to the cloud isn’t an entirely selfish act. The
environment gets a little love too. When your cloud needs fluctuate, your server capacity
scales up and down to fit
 Driving Factors Behind Cloud Computing Adoption
1. Improved IT Agility-As recently as a few years ago, it took far too long for many IT departments to respond
to increasing demand for computing capacity. Too much paperwork, too many approvals, and a reliance on hard-
to-deploy physical servers meant that IT was often slow to respond to variable organizational needs.
Virtualization helped that situation immensely, and the arrival of cloud computing gives IT organizations even
more of an ability to easily (and cost-effectively) expand and reduce computing resources to meet fluctuating
demands.
2. Cost Savings and ROI-Cloud computing isn’t a panacea, but there are clear-cut cases where moving part of
your IT infrastructure to the cloud makes solid operational and financial sense.
3. Private Cloud vs. Public Cloud-The concept of the private cloud has gathered steam over the past. Public
cloud computing services generally rely on having your data on someone else’s infrastructure. That can be a non-
starter for many IT administrators, especially if your organization operates under tricky auditing, compliance, or
data location requirements. That’s where the private cloud steps in: Leveraging virtualization and commodity
hardware, the private cloud can provide some of the elastic benefits of public cloud computing without some of
the inherent risks that public cloud computing still needs to address.
4. Cloud-Savvy IT Staff-A new breed of IT professionals is stepping into leadership positions in many
organizations. Some fear that cloud computing could mean the end of their careers, but savvy IT pros realize that
someone in the organization has to take the lead in selecting what IT platforms and services are moved to the
cloud while simultaneously educating management and the rest of the organization why other elements aren’t
good candidates for cloud computing treatment. Many organizations are eagerly recruiting skilled IT
professionals who not only have a grasp of the technical aspects of in-house IT, but can also champion and
facilitate the adoption of cloud computing products and services
 Comparison B/W Cloud, Grid & Cluster
S.NO Cluster Computing Grid Computing Cloud Computing

1 Characteristics of Cluster computing Characteristics of Grid Computing Characteristic of cloud computing

1:Tightly coupled systems 1: Loosely coupled(Decentralization) 1: Dynamic computing infrastructure
2: Single system image 2: Diversity and Dynamism 2: IT service-centric approach
3: Centralized Job management & scheduling 3: Distributed Job Management & scheduling 3: Self-service based usage model
system 4: Minimally or self-managed platform

2 In cluster computing, a bunch of similar (or In grid computing, the computers do not have to In cloud computing, the computers need
identical) computers are hooked up locally (in be in the same physical location and can be not to be in the same physical location.
the same physical location, directly connected operated independently. As far as other
with very high speed connections) to operate computers are concerned each computer on the
as a single computer grid is a distinct computer.

3 The cluster computers all The computers that are part of a grid can run The memory, storage device and network
have the same hardware and different operating systems and have different communication are managed by the
OS. hardware operating system of the basic physical cloud
units. Open source software such as LINUX
can support the basic physical unit
management and virtualization computing.

4 The whole system (all nodes) behaves like a Every node is autonomous i.e. it has its own Every node acts as an independent entity
single system view and resources are managed resource manager and behaves like an
by centralized resource manager. independent entity

5 The computers in the cluster Grid are inherently distributed by its nature over Clouds are mainly distributed over MAN
are normally contained in a a LAN, metropolitan or WAN
single location or complex.
6 More than 2 computers are A large project is divided among multiple It does just the opposite. It allows multiple
connected to solve a problem computers to make use of their resources. smaller applications to run at the same time.
S.NO Cluster Computing Grid Computing Cloud Computing

7 Areas of cluster computing Areas of Grid Computing Areas of cloud Computing

1. Educational resources 1.Predictive Modeling and Simulations 1.Banking
2.Commercial sectors for industrial promotion 2.Engineering Design and Automation 2.Insurance
3.Medical research 3.Energy Resources Exploration 3.Weather Forecasting
4.Medical, Military and Basic Research 4.Space Exploration
5.Visualization 5.Software as a service
6.PaaS
7.Infrastructure- as -a-Service
8 Size or scalability is 100s Size or scalability is 100s Size or scalability is 100s to 1000s

9 Single Ownership Multiple Ownership Single Ownership

10 User management is centralized User management is decentralized and also User management is centralized or
virtual organization (VO)-based can be delegated to third party
S.No Utility Computing Cloud Computing

1 Utility computing refers to the ability to Cloud Computing also works like utility
charge the offered services, and charge computing, you pay only for what you use but
customers for exact usage Cloud Computing might be cheaper, as such,
Cloud based app can be up and running in days or
weeks.

2 •Utility computing users want to be in •In cloud computing, provider is in complete

control of the geographical location of the control of cloud computing services and
infrastructure infrastructure

3 •Utility computing is more favorable when •Cloud computing is great and easy to use when
performance and selection infrastructure is the selection infrastructure and performance is
critical not critical

4 •Utility computing is a good choice for less •Cloud computing is a good choice for high
resource demanding resource demanding

5 •Utility computing refers to a business •Cloud computing refers to the underlying IT

model architecture
BIG DATA
 Big data means really a big data, it is a collection of large datasets that cannot be
processed using traditional computing techniques.
 Big data involves the data produced by different devices and applications. Given
below are some of the fields that come under the umbrella of Big Data.
1. Black Box Data : It is a component of helicopter, airplanes, and jets, etc. It
captures voices of the flight crew, recordings of microphones and earphones,
and the performance information of the aircraft.
2. Social Media Data : Social media such as Facebook and Twitter hold
information and the views posted by millions of people across the globe.
3. Stock Exchange Data : The stock exchange data holds information about
the ‘buy’ and ‘sell’ decisions made on a share of different companies made by
the customers.
4. Power Grid Data : The power grid data holds information consumed by a
particular node with respect to a base station.
5. Transport Data : Transport data includes model, capacity, distance and
availability of a vehicle.
6. Search Engine Data : Search engines retrieve lots of data from different
databases.
 Thus Big Data includes huge volume, high velocity, and extensible variety of data. The data in it will be of three
types.
1. Structured data : Relational data.
2. Semi Structured data : XML data.
3. Unstructured data :Word, PDF,Text, Media Logs.

 Benefits of Big Data

 Big data is really critical to our life and its emerging as one of the most important
technologies in modern world. Follow are just few benefits which are very much
known to all of us:
1. Using the information kept in the social network like Facebook, the marketing
agencies are learning about the response for their campaigns, promotions, and
other advertising mediums.
2. Using the information in the social media like preferences and product perception
of their consumers, product companies and retail organizations are planning their
production.
3. Using the data regarding the previous medical history of patients, hospitals are
providing better and quick service.
 IT as a Service (ITaaS)
 IT as a Service (ITaaS) is a technology-delivery method that treats IT (information
technology) as a commodity, providing an enterprise with exactly the amount of
hardware, software, and support that it needs for an agreed-on monthly fee. In
this context, IT encompasses all of the technologies for creating, storing,
exchanging, and using business data.
 According to its proponents, ITaaS has numerous and diverse benefits including:
1. Minimal upfront IT investment
2. Regular, predictable expenses
3. Financial transparency
4. Tax advantages
5. Continuous monitoring of services
6. Expert technical support
7. Scalability
8. Regular software upgrades and patches
9. Guarantee of up-to-date hardware