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    Moral Reasoning in Business

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    Paul S. Violanda
    This document discusses moral reasoning in business. It provides a framework for moral reasoning that involves benchmarking ethical issues against a moral standard like company policy or ethical principles. This allows for a moral judgment. It also discusses the characteristics of a good moral standard and the requirements for a good moral judgment. The document then covers the profit motive in business, outlining both the good and bad sides. It notes profit can motivate productivity but also rivalry. Finally, it discusses ethical considerations of the profit motive, noting profit is valid but excessive profit is wrong, and profit should not be the sole focus of business.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Moral Reasoning in Business

    Uploaded by

    Paul S. Violanda
    235 views21 pages
    This document discusses moral reasoning in business. It provides a framework for moral reasoning that involves benchmarking ethical issues against a moral standard like company policy or ethical principles. This allows for a moral judgment. It also discusses the characteristics of a good moral standard and the requirements for a good moral judgment. The document then covers the profit motive in business, outlining both the good and bad sides. It notes profit can motivate productivity but also rivalry. Finally, it discusses ethical considerations of the profit motive, noting profit is valid but excessive profit is wrong, and profit should not be the sole focus of business.

    Original Description:

    Business Ethics

    Original Title

    BESR3

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    This document discusses moral reasoning in business. It provides a framework for moral reasoning that involves benchmarking ethical issues against a moral standard like company policy or ethical principles. This allows for a moral judgment. It also discusses the characteristics of a good moral standard and the requirements for a good moral judgment. The document then covers the profit motive in business, outlining both the good and bad sides. It notes profit can motivate productivity but also rivalry. Finally, it discusses ethical considerations of the profit motive, noting profit is valid but excessive profit is wrong, and profit should not be the sole focus of business.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    235 views21 pages

    Moral Reasoning in Business

    Uploaded by

    Paul S. Violanda
    This document discusses moral reasoning in business. It provides a framework for moral reasoning that involves benchmarking ethical issues against a moral standard like company policy or ethical principles. This allows for a moral judgment. It also discusses the characteristics of a good moral standard and the requirements for a good moral judgment. The document then covers the profit motive in business, outlining both the good and bad sides. It notes profit can motivate productivity but also rivalry. Finally, it discusses ethical considerations of the profit motive, noting profit is valid but excessive profit is wrong, and profit should not be the sole focus of business.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    MORAL

    REASONING IN
    BUSINESS
    Moral Reasoning

    Isa process in which ethical issues


    & problems are benchmarked
    against a moral standard so that a
    moral judgment is made possible
    Framework of Moral Reasoning
    Moral Norm
    Ethical
    Reality Moral Standard Moral
    Issues/
    Check Company Policy Standard
    Problems
    Ethical Principle

    Situation Problem Decision


    Resolution
    Analysis Analysis Analysis
    Example
    Gravity of offense
    Graft
    Frequency of offense Company rules Moral or
    Sexual
    Harm done Ethical principles Immoral
    Harassment
    Codes of conduct
    Theft Number of people
    affected
    Legal or
    Moral Norms
    Bribery cost
    Illegal
    Characteristics of a Good
    Moral Standard (Shaw, 1999)
    1. A good moral standard is one that
    looks at the issue as something that
    is very serious
    2. A good standard must be grounded
    on good moral argument.
    Characteristics of a Good
    Moral Standard (Shaw, 1999)
    3. A good standard should be objective
    and not subjective. It should be
    universally accepted & should apply to
    all.
    4. A good standard, when violated,
    brings about feelings of guilt, shame &
    remorse of conscience
    Requirements for a Good
    Moral Judgment
    1. A good moral judgment must be
    logical.
    2. Must be based on facts and solid
    evidence
    3. Must be based on sound & defensible
    moral principles
    MORALITY OF
    PROFIT MOTIVE
    Profit
    Considered by businessmen as a form
    of anticipated reward
    Compensation for the efforts they
    spend, skills they apply and returns
    for the capital they invested in putting
    up & organizing the business.
    Profit Motive
    Most important aspect of business
    Milton Friedman (Economist)
    “Only responsibility of business is to make profit so
    long as one stays within the rules of the game &
    engages in open & free competition without deception
    or fraud”
    Peter Drucker (Management Guru)
    “The primary responsibility of business is to look for
    customers & satisfy their needs & wants”
    Assumption of Profit Motive
    1. Profit-motive in business is an
    ethical issue
    2. Profit-motive operates within the
    two important aspects of human
    conduct
    2.1 Freedom
    2.2 Structure of business
    THE GOOD & BAD SIDE
    OF PROFIT MOTIVE
    THE GOOD SIDE OF PROFIT-MOTIVE
    1. Profit-motive motivates people to do
    something meaningful
    2. Profit-motive promotes ingenuity &
    cleverness in running a business
    3. Profit-motive makes people
    productive
    THE GOOD SIDE OF PROFIT-MOTIVE
    4. Profit-motive generates potential
    capital for the business
    THE BAD SIDE OF PROFIT-MOTIVE
    1. Profit-motive promotes rivalry
    among competitors
    2. Profit-motive makes people focus
    only on making money
    THE BAD SIDE OF PROFIT-MOTIVE
    3. Profit-motive turns the
    businessman from being a reflective
    & a questioning person because he
    focuses his attention only on the
    practical activity of making money
    THE BAD SIDE OF PROFIT-MOTIVE
    4. Profit-motive promotes self-
    interest rather than the common
    good. To some extent, benefited some
    businessmen but it has also created
    some social costs that many people
    have to bear
    ETHICAL
    CONSIDERATIONS OF
    PROFIT MOTIVE IN
    BUSINESS
    ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PROFIT-MOTIVE

    1. Earning profit is good and valid


    activity in business
    Is my profit fair enough for me &
    my customers?
    Did I consider important factors
    & parameters in making profit?
    ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PROFIT-MOTIVE

    2. Making excessive profits is totally


    wrong.
    3. Profit is not the “be-all and the end-
    all” of doing business.
    ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PROFIT-MOTIVE

    4. The teachings of the Catholic Church


    do not totally condemn profit as part of
    business activity.
    Man by nature a being and a creature who is supposed to be
    responsible and accountable for his actions.
    1. Man is a rational being
     capable of moral judgment
     man is a thinking being, he is aware of his intentions as
    well as the consequences of his actions
     knows, what he is doing because he is a rational & thinking
    creature

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