Review

Tips
 DISCLAIMER
A lot of people advice to stop studying at least a week
before the exam so your mind would be rested and clear

This presentation is a guide for what you need to do if you

had no choice :)
Your Basic Reading
Short-List
 Must read #1
Why?
• Because it explains:

- Our local planning structure

and mandates of LGUs

- SEP, how to research

information regarding the 5
Development Sectors, and
Local Development
Indicators System

- Goal Formulation process

- CLUP, CDP, Investment

Programming Processes

- Monitoring and Evaluation

Must read #1
RPS-Urban Forms
The Core City: Development packed into one
continuous body.
RPS – The General Welfare Goals (LGC,
Sec. 16) and Sectoral Development
RPS – VRG or the Vision-Reality Gap
Analysis
RPS - Program vs. Project vs. Service
(Annex 6.1, p. 149 of the RPS)
RPS - Results Chain: Output – Outcome
(Objective) – Impact (Goal)
 Must read #2
Why?

• Because a lot of our planning

structures and standards are
based on Law, and the
Constitution is the
fundamental law of the land

• It sets the Principles that all

other laws are based upon

• Has an app in the Google Play Store

(https://play.google.com/store/apps/
details?
id=com.rainbowworks.book.AOUENCT
ZINQERGMZB)
 Focus on the following:
Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Ex. (5) promotion of general welfare, (10) social justice, (14) role of women, (16) balanced ecology, (21)
rural development / agrarian reform, (25) autonomy of LGUs.

Article X. Local Government – LGC Principles

Article XII. National Economy and Patrimony

Ex. (3) public domain classification, can only be leased, (4) conservation of forestlands, natural parks,
(6) right to private property, (9) NEDA, 60% Filipino ownership

Article XIII. Social Justice and Human Rights

Ex. (1) regulation of property, (4) agrarian reform, (7) fisherfolk rights, (9) urban land reform,
(10) resettlement, (14) women’s working rights
1987 Constitution
Management / Dev’t of Land and Natural Resources

Article XII. National Economy and Patrimony

Sec 2: All lands of the public domain, waters, mineral,
coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of
potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife,
flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned
by the State. With exception of agri lands, all other
natural resources shall not be alienated. The exploration,
development, and utilization of natural resources shall
be under the full control and supervision of the State.
1987 Constitution
Management / Dev’t of Land and Natural Resources

Sec 3: Lands of the public domain are classified into

agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands, and
national parks. Alienable land of the public domain is
limited to agri lands

Sec4: The Congress shall determine by law the specific

limits of forest lands and national parks. Thereafter,
these shall be conserved and may not be increased or
diminished except by law.
1987 Constitution
Legal Basis for Land Use Planning

Art XII Sec. 6: The use of property bears a social

function, and all economic agents shall contribute to
the common good. Individuals and private groups,
including corporations, cooperatives, and similar
collective organizations, shall have the right to own,
establish, and operate economic enterprises, subject to
the duty of the State to promote distributive justice
and to intervene when the common good so
demands.
1987 Constitution
Legal Basis for Land Use Planning

Art XIII. Sec 1: The Congress shall give highest

priority to the enactment of measures that protect
and enhance the right of all the people to human
dignity, reduce social, economic, and political
inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by
equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the
common good. To this end, the State shall regulate
the acquisition, ownership, use and disposition of
property and its increments”
 Must read #3
Why?

• Because our local planning

structures are laid down by RA 7160

• It sets down the responsibilities and

powers of the Local Government
regarding:

- Lands (reclassification, CLUP,

boundary disputes)
- Revenue Raising, Taxation, IRA, RPT
- Local Officials and positions
•Apparently, also has an app
(https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=com.rrasoft.localgovernmentcodephilippines)
 Must read #4
Why?

• Because a lot about

Environmental Planning is based
on Land Use and Spatial Planning

• Its Part 1: Introduction is a good

reference to understand Land Use
Planning in the PH as it discusses:

- Hierarchy, Linkage and

relationship of National Plans and
Programs (PDP, NPFP, CLUPs, etc.
vs. PA 21, SDGs, etc. )
 Must read #4

- Legal mandates and enabling

policy environment (other basic
laws like EO 72, RA 7279, etc.)

- Other important principles

(co-management, bottom-up
approach, etc)
The 12 – Step CLUP Process

In 2016: questions on the sequence of the process

 Must read #5
Any material / reviewer /
presentation / etc. about the basic
Urban Planning and Development
Theories

Why?

• Gives you the theoretical

background and evolution of
ideas about urban and regional
planning (Garden City, City
Beautiful, Multiple-Nuclei Model,
Central Place, Growth Pole, etc.)

• You’ll learn about important

Planning People (Ebenezer
Howard, Daniel Burnham, Patrick
Geddes, Kevin Lynch, etc)
 Must Browse list
RA 10587 – Environmental Planning Act
RA 7586 and IRR – National Integrated Protected Areas
System Act (NIPAS)
National Framework for Physical Planning 2001-2030,
Philippine Agenda 21
Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 (Focus on the
Frameworks, Vision, Goals, Targets, etc.)
 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda/SDGs
 National Urban Development and Housing Framework 2017-
2022
Other related works of
Prof. Ernesto Serote
DILG’s CDP Guide

-Like the RPS, but focused on

CDP Preparation

Property, Patrimony and

Territory

-Kind of like the RPS, but with

more historical perspective
and sector based
Revisit Major Events
(global and national) in
the past five years, be
familiar with emerging
development issues and
concerns
Scope
Know the scope of the Exam,
Three Parts:

Planning Concepts, Definitions, Theories and History

City growth and spatial planning theories
Evolution, concepts, and types of planning

Planning Methods, Processes

Concepts, methods and approaches

Planning Implementation, Monitoring & Evaluation, Planning Laws

In 2016: First Part has 200 questions

on Day 1; 2nd and 3rd parts have 250
questions on Day 2
Type of
Questions

Multiple Choice
Identification
Modified (combination)
Computations
POSSIBLE/SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
 PLANNING CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS,
THEORIES AND HISTORY

• Planners, notable contributions, quotes

Daniel Burnham: “Let your watchword be order
and your beacon beauty.”

Characteristics/features of planning/spatial
concepts/theories
Image of a City (samples) Kevin Lynch
Five Elements: paths, districts, edges,
landmarks, nodes ( in 2016: 4-5 questions)
Urban Theories
Human Ecology (Chicago School of Urban
Sociology):
Six processes at work in the city
Question: you will have to identify the
sequence

Familiarize Theories of Urban Growth and Urban

Land Use
Urban Renewal – rehabilitation, conservation,
redevelopment, etc.

Urban blight and its types

Theories of Urban Growth and Land Use

Theories and its principles

Concentric Ring Theory by Burgess (identify per ring/zone)
Sector/Radial Model by Hoyt
Multiple Nuclei by Ullman and Harris
Galactic City by Pierce Lewis

Urban Form Stereotypes

Dispersed Sheet Tip: description and
Galaxy of Settlements drawings/illustrations are
The Core City presented and you will have to
The Urban Star choose
The Ring
The Form of the Typical Philippine Town
Core built up or poblacion
Urban fringe – inner and outer
Urban shadow
Rural hinterland

Creation of LGUs ( barangay, city, HUC..) – Tip,

prepare a matrix in terms of criteria such
as land area, population, etc and the
approving body
 PLANNING PROCESSES & METHODS
Input-Output Table (components/parts) –please refer to lecture on Economic
Planning

Projection/Formulas
Land Use Policy Areas
Settlements
Production
Protection
Infrastructure

Hierarchy of Linkages of Plans (types, scope, period, etc.) e.g.in 2016 – what is the
long term physical framework plan at the regional level: Answer: Regional Physical
Framework Plan (RPFP)
Sample

• National Framework for Physical Planning

(NFPP) principles and Phil Agenda 21 goals
• Land Capability Classes (A, B, C, D, L, M, N,
X, Y)

• Philippine Development Plan

Q: PDP Target growth rate
A: 7-8%
CDP Preparation

Sectors in the CDP and its subsectors

Social, Economic, Infrastructure, Environment and Natural Resources, Institutional

General Welfare Goals (descriptors)

Promotion of health and safety
Health center in every barangay
Health insurance coverage for all
Institutional ability to respond to disasters
Facilities to rehab the mentally ill…
Possible Questions along:

Economic Planning
• Base Price, Inflation/discount Rate and Net Present
Value
• Input-Output Model components

Transport
• Steps in transport planning
• Levels of service
• Criteria for assessing existing infrastructure
- Appropriateness, Adequacy, Level of Utility,
Accessibility
Statistics and Research

Research Methods
Sampling methodology
Sampling design
Data collection methods

2016 Exam: Question – familiarize discrete

or continuous data, nominal or ordinal-
please refer to lecture notes on Research
Methods
 PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING
& EVALUATION, PLANNING LAWS

• Code of ethics of EnPs

• Local Development Councils (Provincial, City,
Municipal, Barangay)
Composition and functions
• Q (in 2016): Which office audits the barangay?
• A: COA
Planning Institutions

• National Government Agencies – mandate, functions, offices,

history/evolution (HLURB, NEDA, HUDCC, DENR, etc.)
HLURB:
Task Force on Human Settlements (TFHS)->
Human Settlements Commission (HSC) ->
Human Settlements Regulatory Commission (HSRC) ->
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
Laws
• Environmental laws – number, title, salient features ( e.g RA 9003
– Solid waste; in 2016 there was a question on segregation at
source)
NIPAS Act
Categories of protected areas
(Sample of protected area then identify which
category does it belong)

Easements ( in 2016, there was a question on

this)
3 meters in urban areas
20 meters in agricultural
40 meters in forest areas
GPRA (RA 9184)
Steps/processes
Procurement Process
Steps
Alternative Methods
Swiss Challenge (question in 2016) -a
process in public procurement when a public authority which
has received an unsolicited bid for a project publishes details of
the bid and invites third parties to match or exceed it
Other Qs:
What is the initial step in procurement?
A: Procurement Management Plan Preparation
What is Capital Outlay? MOOE? PS?
Members of the BAC and Procurement Act
Sample

PPP – who approves what? Up to what extent?

Variants of PPP and BOT schemes

Logical Framework Analysis

Description, Indicators, Means of Verification and
Assumptions

Results Chain (several questions in 2016 ; e.g impact

indicator, output indicator)
 Project Development

Project Feasibility: be familiar with the decision rules -

When to accept and reject a project based on:
Internal rate of return
Economic rate of return
Benefit-cost ratio
Net Present Value: Sample Do not accept projects with negative NPV;
Mutually exclusive projects, no cost constraint – select the project with largest
NPV; NPV is sensitive to discount rate
Project Financing
ODA
Land
Types of Land Tenure
Private Property - individual or group has formal, legal or
social sanction to exclude others.
Registered Freehold – private ownership in perpetuity,
unconditional rights to freely enjoy and to dispose of objects
Leasehold --private ownership for a specified period of time
Temporary Tenure: Tenancy, Group Tenure
Informal Tenure: resulting from invasion or illegal means
Adverse Possession
Tolerated Occupancy without legal basis
Common Property – e.g. traditional or customary
ownership, customary rights (ICC), ancestral domain
‘Usufruct’: enjoy fruits of the land without gaining ownership
State Property - land ownership and control rests in hands
of State
Open Access - no property rights exist
Computations

(Usually on Population – growth rate,

population increase (level) and projections;
Young and old Dependency Ratio, Doubling
Time, scalogram, Location Quotient, ratio/rate
on health and education)
Sample Questions

Which of the following are goals of PA 21 as well as

principles of NFPP 2001-2030?
I. Ecological Integrity II. Food Security
III. Good Governance IV. Empowerment

a. I & II d. II & III

b. I & III e. II & IV
c. I & IV f. III & IV
Sample
RAs
RA 10121: DRRMA
RA 9729: CCA
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147 on the "Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act"

Planning, Urban Growth/Land Use Theories:

Concentric, Sector or Radial, Multiple Nuclei
Hoyt’s Sector or Radial Model
Who among the following conceptualized a
community where the school is the focal point
of the design/plan? – Clarence Perry/
Neighborhood Unit
Infrastructure / Road Standards / Building
Code (Standard width of roads, etc.)
Other Tips/2016 questions

Type of Map: thematic map, base map,

On GIS, what is vector, raster
Land Classification
2-3 questions on national tourism plan
Read on impact or results-based monitoring and
evaluation
Few housing standards/building code
Social Planning: e.g. elementary participation rate

Prayer: Lean not on your own understanding; In

all your ways acknowledged Him, and He (our
ever gracious and loving God) will direct your
path. To God be the Glory!
Your crash course
Study Plan
Step #1
Make your own a Reviewer
Why?

Ideally,
it would make you understand the
material first before you compress it into notes

Handwritten notes on paper is preferable.

The act of writing the notes yourself should help
you remember.
(Also, paper doesn’t need to be charged )
But you probably won’t have time to do
that anymore so…

Step #1.5

Get a reviewer
 Step #2
Read your reviewer repeatedly

Repetition is key, no need to force memorize.

TIP #1: Cover to cover, at least once a day (before/

after meals, before sleep, etc.)

TIP #2: Slowly challenge yourself to explain the

concepts before/without looking at the notes
Step #3
Rest the day before the Exams
Relax. Don’t stress yourself
-‐- Stress can give you mental block on Exam day

Again, some advice to stop studying before

the exam

(Try to) get 8 hours of sleep

(didn’t work for me; was nervous, couldn’t sleep.)
 Things you can do the day
before Exam Day
Scoutthe venue. Test your travel time going there. You
wouldn’t want to be late

Make sure all your materials are ready

(ballpen, pencils, NOA, calculator, clothes, etc.)

Again, relax.
No best way to do this: do what works for you
- Some people need to be alone to focus, others can
watch happy movies or meet friends

You can go to your religious places to pray or meditate

EXAM
DAY
TIPS
EXAM DAY TIPS
TIP #1: Its ok to bring food and drinks
- Day 1 no lunch break (7am -2pm)
- Day 2 has lunch break and you can buy lunch
at the mini-cafeteria but you can bring your
own food

- Bathroom breaks are also allowed

- Arrive at the venue early!

EXAM DAY TIPS
TIP #2: Read the instructions first! Mark your
answers on the Questionnaire, review, then
transfer final answers to the Answer Sheet

Avoid erasures because ERASURES = WRONG

- You can still change your mind/answering the

questionnaire,

- Be very, very careful when shading. [A] [B]

(note that as you proceed - there are

questions that will give clues/hints to the
answers of previous questions)
EXAM DAY TIPS
TIP #3: Read the Questions and Answers
very carefully

- Exam questions are tricky,

often ambiguous

- You can skip difficult questions and return

to it later
EXAM DAY TIPS
TIP #4: Take your time in answering

- There’s way more than enough time given

in each exam session

Take time to review answers. Be

careful with computations, you cannot
proceed with the succeeding questions
unless you are right in the first two
questions…
EXAM DAY TIPS
TIP #5: Don’t be discouraged.

The Board Exam is difficult, and you’ll probably feel

like your failing as you answer it.

-You’ll discuss the question and answers with your

fellow takers after the exam and you might thing you
were wrong

- Ignore those feelings. Keep focused and just

answer the questions.
A FEW EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS TO WATCH OUT FOR
EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
1. RA 7160 mandates that this amount be
allotted for Local Development projects

A. 20% of LGU Budget only

B. 20% or more of LGU IRA
C. 25% of LGU revenues for the year
D. No less than 20% of Real Property Taxes
E. None of the Above
EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
2. The Reproductive Health Law

A. RA 10354
B. RA 10454
C. RA 10345
D. RA 10487
E. None of the Above
EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
3. What are the tools for plan implementation?

A. Zoning, ordinance, taxation, and eminent

domain
B. Zoning, subdivision and building ordinance
C. Zoning ordinance, local investment
D. Urban Land Reform
E. None of the above
EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
4. Implements the laws, rules, and regulations
that support policies of Government with regard
to optimizing the use of land as a resource

A. NEDA
B. DAR
C. HLURB
D. DPWH
E. All of the Above
EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
5. The National Solid Waste Management
Commission is attached under?

A. DENR
B. EMB
C. DILG
D. Office of the President
E. None of the Above
 EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
6. Principles of the Government Procurement Reform Act
- I. Transparency - II. Competitiveness
- III. Public Monitoring - IV. Non-Accountability
- V. Streamlined Procurement

A. I, II, III, IV

B. II, IV Notice the
C. III, IV, V outlier
D. II, III
E. All of the Above
 EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
7. Goal Elements of the Philippine Agenda 21
- I. Poverty Reduction - II. Peace and Solidarity
- III. Intensive Resource Extraction
- IV. Ecological Integrity - V. Social Equity

A. I, II, III, IV

B. III, IV, V
C. I, III,
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above
EXAMPLES OF EXAM
QUESTIONS
Answer Key

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. E
Last and Powerful Tip

Pray & Be
Confident
And trust in your years of experience

(And remember Tip#5 during the Exam)

So are you ready for the
Exam?

Thank you
and God
bless
everyone!