CHAPTER V

THE ORGANIZATION OF
SOCIETY
 The Organization of Society
A society may be small or large in
size, but regardless of the size, the
most important aspect of a society is
the reason why they grouped together.
There are several reasons why
people grouped together to form one
society and most important of all is
gregariousness.
Gregariousness is the desire or
tendency of people to want to be
with other people with their own
kind. This also known as
“consciousness of kind”.
Every person needs the approval
and acceptance of people around
him.
 If he/she accepted in a group
where he/she belongs ,
understanding, sympathy, protection,
warmth and caring will surely follow.
CONCEPTS OF GROUPS
 Concept of Groups
A group is composed of two or more
persons interacting with each other , guided
by set
of norms.
The members of the group are held
together and set apart from others by virtue
of their interaction.
 The members of the group exist
through their coordinated and
consistent action which is directed
towards the achievement of some
common objectives , the achievement
of which will bring about justification of
some kind to all the participants.
THE IMPORTANCE OF
GROUPS
 1. The group as transmitter of culture.
All our lives we grow and develop by
means of the stimulating interchange,inter-
relation involved in being a member of a social
group, the individual learned the socially
approved ways of behaving, of thinking, of
doing things, habits and capabilities are
related to others. In so doing, the group acts
as the agent of the culture.
 2. The group as means of social control.

The group does not only shape and

mold the behavior of its individual members.
It also restrains and disciplines the individual
by exerting a strong pressure on his activities.
Social control is the process which induces a
person to comply with the collective standards
of action and belief.
 3. The group socializes the individual.
In the family and in the playgroup,
one learns to cooperate with others
and to recognize the feelings of
responsibility and duty to the group. It
is the group that is greatly
responsible in making an individual
becomes a human being.
4.The group as sources of fundamental social ideas.

The daily interactions of the groups

members influence their thinking,
feelings and even their behavior and
actions.
These influences may be favorable or
unfavorable depending on how he reacts
to his social and physical environment.
 5.The group trains the individual to communicate
The group is the source of information through
communication of its members.
Though not all members react to situations or
circumstances presented to them in equal manner, the
more active members share available information with
other passive members of the group. In this sense, the
group is a communication network.
Kinds of Groups
Groups may be classified in a variety of
ways depending on size quality of group
interaction.
Another criterion for the classification of
groups is the character of social
relations obtaining in the group as can
be seen from such established
classification.
1. ACCORDING TO INTERACTION AND
RELATIONSHIP
Primary Group and Secondary Group
a. Primary Group - Charles Cooley
introduced the concept of Primary Group.
By primary group, he meant the intimate,
personal, face-to-face relationship found
among the members of the family, friend
and associates.
A good example of primary group is the
neighbourhood and the classroom group
where teacher to pupil relationship
Primary groups are small initiate groups,
where personalities are fused into
common whole.
 They have feeling of belonging or
togetherness.
Cooley calls the primary group as the
nursery of human nature.
Primary group is important in the
development of individual personality ,
religious beliefs, values and virtues.
KINDS OF PRIMARY
GROUPS
Kinds of Primary Groups

Family
The basic primary group. Initial
habits, values, knowledge and
behaviour are acquired in the
home.
 Kinds of Primary Groups

Neighborhood Group
Next to the family of importance in the educative
processes is the neighborhood group.
The neighborhood influence is the early step in
educating the habits, attitudes and values of the
child by either reinforcing or strengthening those
which learned in the home or by producing some
confusion and conflicts in the mind of the child.
 Kinds of Primary Groups
School Group
The primary group exerts direct influence
on the development of the personality of
the child.
The school as the social system
operates on certain formal structure and
learning becomes purposive and direct.
b. Secondary Groups

Distinct from the primary groups is the

secondary groups which interaction among
the members is impersonal , businesslike,
contractual and casual.
 Secondary groups are so called
because the individual comes in contact
with them in later life.
The relationships are valuable only in as
far as they facilitate the attainment of one’s
end or objectiveness. This is referred to as
the “means to an end group relationship.”
2. ACCORDING TO MEMBERSHIP
a.In-Group
The in-group is the group which the
individual identifies himself and which
gives him a sense a belonging. They
know each other and share common
folkways and activities.
b. Out-Group
The out-group is commonly referred to as
the “other group” or the outsiders.
This is a group which one has a feeling of
indifference, strangeness, avoidance,
dislike, antagonism and even hatred.
c.Reference Group
A reference group is a group where
people identify themselves
physically and psychologically.
The knowledge of an individual reference
group is helpful in determining his
attitudes, values, standards, goals and
aspirations. Reference groups are indices
of status value.
D. Peer Groups
A peer group refers to a small kind of
grouping whose members have the same level,
interests and economic standing in the
community. The members group themselves
because they share the same interests and
talents and perhaps their parents share the
same.
3. ACCORDING TO NATURE, FORM
AND OBJECTIVES
a.Formal Group (explicit)
A formal organization is a large
social group deliberately constructed and
organized to achieve certain specific,
clearly stated goals.
B. Informal Groups (explicit)
An informal group arises spontaneously out
of the interaction of two or more persons.
They are unplanned, have no explicit rules for
membership and do not have specific
objectives to be attained.
4. ACCORDING TO COMMUNAL
(COMMUNITY) RELATIONSHIP
Gemeinschaft
Gemeinschaft (often translated as
community) is a traditional society in
which social relationship are based on
personal bonds of friendship , kinship and
on intergenerational stability.
Gemeinschaft are broadly characterized
by a moderate division of labor , strong
personal relationship , strong families and
relatively simple institutions.
For the local equivalent , Filipino
Sociologists have used the term
“damay” and “bayanihan”. Damay and
Bayanihan simply mean mutual
helpfulness and sharing of pleasure
as well as sorrows.
B. Gesellschaft
Gesellschaft is often translated as society or civil
society or association. It is a large urban society in
which social bonds are based on impersonal and
specialized relationships, with little long-term
commitment to the group or consensus on values.
A modern business is a good example of
Gesellschaft, the workers, managers, and owners may
have little in terms of shared orientations or beliefs.
Kinship
 KINSHIP
blood relationship.
The state of being related to the
people in your family.
a sharing of characteristics or origins.
A feeling of being close or connected
to other people.
 The Kinship System
Relationship with other people
 The state of being related to the people in your
family
Every society has a kinship system which
provides the individual with a circle of socially
defined relatives.
This system provides a set of norms, usages
and patterns of behavior between kinsmen.
The following are the elements or features of the kinship system
which are specified by each society (Palispis, 2003).

1. The extent to which genealogical and affinal

relationships are recognized for social
purposes.
2.The way in which relations so recognized are
classified or grouped into social groups or
categories.
3.The particular customs by which the
behavior of these relatives is regulated in
daily life.
4. The various rights and obligations
which are mediated through kinship.
5. The linguistic forms which are often
used to detonate the various
categories of kins.
Kinship plays a very important role in
the family system of any society. It
establishes much of the context of
the family’s ties to the surrounding
community. It s an integral part of
the social structure and is found in
all known societies.
 The Basis of Kinship
Long association and shared traditions. This
may take the for of biological or common
ancestry (Palispis, 2003).
1. Common ancestry.
This refers to people coming from the same
or common biological origin. Blood relationship
characterizes these people.
2. Common ancestry is
supplemented by other
recognized ties such as adoption,
marriage or affinal ties. (brother &
sister in-law . Tita and Tito)
3. Pseudo Kinship may also be
considered as a source of
relationships. It may be illustrated
through any of the following:
a.Figurative use of kin terms for the
purpose of stressing a particular
quality associated with kin or within
a specific context. Example is
Grandmother or Lola to express
seniority.
b. Fictive or artificial kinship whereby one
is given the status of kin rather than birth.
(friend became family)
c. Ritual kinship characterized by kin like
ties through ceremonial association .
Example is compadre or ritual
comparenthood (Ninong & Ninang)
Types of Kinship
 In any society, kin relationships are
based either on birth (blood relationships),
or marriage. These two aspects of human
life are the basis for the two main types of
kinship in society (Mondal, 2016)
1. Consanguineal Kinship
It refers to the relationships based
on blood, i.e., the relationship
between parents and children, and
between siblings are the most basic
and universal kin relations.
2. Affinal Kinship
It refers to the relationships
formed on the basis of marriage.
The most basic relationship that
results from marriage is that
between husband and wife.
 Degree of Kinship
Any relationship between two
individuals is based on the degree of
closeness or distance of that
relationship. This closeness or distance
of any relationship depends upon how
individuals are related to each other
(Mondal, 2016)
 Kinship basically has three degrees, which
can be explained in the following ways.

1.Primary Kinship
Primary kinship refers to direct
relations. People who are directly related to
each other are known as primary kin. There
are 8 primary kins- wife, father, son, father
daughter/ mother son, wife; brother sister; and
younger brother/sister and older brother/sister
 Primary kinship is of two kinds:
a.Primary consanguineal kinship are those kin,
who are directly related to each other by birth. The
relationship between parents and children and
between siblings form this kind of primary kinship.

b. Primary affinal kinship refers to the direct

relationship formed as a result of marriage. The only
example of this is the relationship between husband
and wife.
2. Secondary kinship
Refers to the primary kin’s primary kin.
In other words, those who are directly
related to primary kin
(primary kin’s primary kin) become
one’s secondary kin. There are 33
secondary kin.
Secondary kinship is also of two kinds:

a.Secondary consanguineal kinship

This type of kinship refers to the
primary consanguineal kin’s primary
consanguineal kin.
The most basic type of this is the
relationship between grandparents
and grandchildren.
b. Secondary affinal kinship
Refers to one’s primary affinal kin’s
primary kin. This kinship includes
the relationships between an
individual and all his/her sisters in law,
brothers in law, and parents in law.
3. Tertiary Kinship
Refers to the primary kin of primary
kin’s primary kin or secondary kin of
primary kin’s primary kin of
secondary kin. Roughly 151 tertiary
kin have been identified.
 There are 2 degrees of tertiary kinship:

a.Tertiary consanguineal kinship

Refers to an individual’s primary consanguineal kin
(parents), their primary kin (parents’ parents), and
their primary kin.
Thus the relationship is between great grandparents
and great grandchildren, and great grand aunts and
uncles, and consequently the relationship between
great grand uncles and aunts and great grand
nieces and nephews.
b.Tertiary affinal kinship
Refers to primary affinal kin’s primary kin’s primary
kin, or secondary affinal kin’s primary kin or primary
affinal kin’s secondary kin.
These relationships are many and some examples will
suffice at this stage of tertiary affinal kin can be
spouse’s grandparents, or grand uncles and aunts, or
they can be brother or sister in laws spouses or their
children.
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
Alhumami (2013), explained the politics of
kinship this way:
Kinship and politics are the essential
subjects of political anthropology, and one
is hardly able to explain the discipline
clearly without addressing the relation
between the two.
Prominent anthropologist Robin Fox
(1967) says: “Kinship is to
anthropology what logic is to
philosophy or the nude is to art; it is
the basic discipline of the subject.”
 From the anthropological point of view, lineage
has three main functions:
1. As an instrument for strengthening social ties
and establishing social cohesion, as well as a
catalyst for the conflict-resolution process.
2. Political organization in which the leadership
structure is dominated by some elite groups
called episodic leaders, big men or tribal
chiefs who portray themselves as a
godfather-type figure.
3. The mechanism of elite circulation within
traditional political systems controlled by
exclusive family members, relying on
unilineal descent associations (Donald
Kurtz 2001)
Kinship politics is built based on the classic
political principle: blood is thicker than water. It
asserts that power should be distributed
among family members.
For the sake of family security, power should
not be seized from those who have kinship
connections and must be circulated only
among those who are tied by blood.
Politicians seem to put more trust in their
family members than others because they are
unlikely to betray them.
A number of pieces of anthropological
literature (e. g. Turner 1966; Wolf 2001;
Vincent 2002) have illustrated that kinship
politics is usually associated with the
domination of political resources and the
possession of economic assets.
Political resources may take the form of social
organizations, clan, family, and lineage
structures, or ethnic groups that can be utilized
to gain and maintain power.
Economic assets may take the form
of land , plantations, factories,
businesses or financial capital which
generate economic benefits for
one’s family members and kin
groups.
Not surprisingly, nepotism and favoritism are
widespread, and many politicians use the
benefits of kinship to achieve public power
regardless of their incompetence or lack of
ability.
They capitalize on kin connections in power
struggles, while ignoring political credentials
which are the basic requirement for becoming
an authentic politician.
Indeed, it is ironic that while democracy seems to
have thrived, kinship politics prevents the nation
from developing a modern political system that
relies on the principles of meritocracy,
transparency, and accountability.
Unlike modern democracy which esteems social-
political pluralism and is open-associational in
practicality, kinship politics maintains exclusive
relations among family members.
One good example of kinship politics is a political
dynasty. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary,
a dynasty is a succession of rulers of the same line
of descent. Political dynasties are groups whose
members occupy the same elective position for
many successive elections. The COMELEC defined
political dynasty as a situation where people related
to each other within the third civil degree of affinity
hold elective office simultaneously or some offices
successively in a region, legislative, district,
province, city or municipality
(filipinopoliticaldynasties.com)
MARRIAGE
 MARRIAGE
Marriage is the socially recognized and
approved union between individuals, who
commit to one another with the expectation of
a stable and lasting intimate relationship.

It begins with a ceremony known as a

wedding, which formally unites the marriage
partners.
A marital relationship usually involves some
kind of contract, either written or specified
by tradition, which defines the partners’
rights and obligations to each other, to any
children they may have, and to their
relatives. In most contemporary
industrialized societies, marriage is certified
by the government.
 In addition to being a personal
relationship between two people, marriage
is one of society’s most important and
basic institutions. Marriage and family
serve as tools for ensuring social
reproduction.
Social Reproduction includes providing
food and caring for the sick and elderly.
 Over past hundred years , social,
economic, religious and cultural changes
have dramatically altered the institution of
marriage specially the roles of husbands and
wives.
Many factors contribute to the transformation
, including the shift from rural and agricultural
society to an urban industrial economy.
A third family unit is the single-parent family,
in which children live with an unmarried,
divorced or widowed mother or father.
However, the nuclear family defined as such
has been growing less common, Presently
we are seeing more and more divorce
configurations of families brought by
changes in social realities.
 The OFW phenomenon has given rise
to families where one or both parents are
absent and children are raised by relatives.
Also the absence of divorce laws has not
prevented couples from opting to live apart
and to take care of the children as single
parents or to find another partner as a new
family.
FORMS OF MARRIAGE
Every society developed a distinct and
particular procedures in the formation of
family. Ceferino A. Zaide, J. in his book
Preparing for Responsible Parenthood ,
rd
3 . Ed. (1989) enumerates the forms of
marriage as follows:
 1.Monogamy
This form of marriage allows a man to
marry only one woman at a given time. The
practice is well-accepted worldwide because
of its advantages A man is prohibited by
mores and law from marrying more than one
woman at a given time. If he does, he
commits the scene of bigamy. If he does , he
commits the sin bigamy
 2.Polygamy
This is commonly known as multiple
marriages.
The Muslims practice it because their
religion allows a man to have a maximum of
four wives at a time. However, the
practice is confined to the upper class
because of economic constraints and
has become a sort of status and symbols.
 TYPES OF POLYGAMY

a.Polyandary

It is an arrangement whereby a woman is

legally married to two or more men at the
same time. This is a less common form of
marriage.
b. Polygyny
It is the marriage of a man to two or
more woman at a given time. Polygyny
may be sororal, which means that
wives are sisters, or non-sororal.
Polygyny is considered the second
most common form of marriage
c. Group Marriage
This refers to the marital union of several men
with several women at given time. It is
consider extremely rare. In fact, it has been
claimed that there are no clear cut cases of
group marriage and that he examples of this
type of marriage involve little more than
sexual sharing.
 Requisites for Marriage

Essential requirements as provided for in

Article 2 of the Family Code of the
Philippines, state that no marriage shall be
valid unless the following requisites are
present:
1.Legal capacity of the contracting
parties who must be a male and
female.

2. Consent freely given in the

presence of a solemnizing officer.
Formal requisites of marriage as stated in Article 3 of the Family
Code of the Philippines are the following:
1. Authority of the solemnizing officer
2. A valid marriage license in the case provided for
marriages in Chapter 2 of this title exempt from the
license requirements; and
3. A marriage ceremony which takes place with the
appearance of contracting parties before the
solemnizing officer and their personal declaration
that they take each other as husband and wife in
the presence of not less than two witnesses of legal
age.
 Other requisites for marriage include the
following:

1. Age must be 18 years or more for any

male or female not under any
impediments;
2. Personal appearance of the contracting
parties before the solemnizing officer and
their declaration witnessed by not less
than two witnesses of legal age.
The declaration shall be contained in the
marriage certificate which shall be signed by
the contracting parties and their witnesses and
attested by the solemnizing officer
3. Where a marriage license is required, each
of the contracting parties shall file separately
sworn applications for such license with the
proper local civil registrar which specify the
following:
a.Full name of the contracting party
b. place of birth
c.Age and date of birth
d. civil status
e. if previously married, when and where,
marriage was dissolved or annulled
f. present residence and citizenship
g. Degree of relationship of contracting parties
h. full name, residence, and citizenship of father
i. full name, residence, and citizenship of mother
j. full name, residence, and citizenship of guardian
or person having in charge , in case the contracting
party has neither father nor mother and is minor or
under the age of twenty-one years.
 The same Code under Article 7 provides that
marriage may be solemnized by the following:
1. Any incumbent member of the judiciary within
the court’s jurisdiction;
2. Any priest, rabbi, imam or minister of any church
or religious sect duly authorized by his church
and registered with the civil registrar general,
acting within the limits of the written authority
granted to him by his church or religious sect
and provide that at least one of the contracting
parties belongs to the solemnizing officer’s or
3.Any ship captain or airplane pilot
only with the cases of articulo
mortis between passengers and
crew members not only while the
ship is at sea or the plane in flight
but also during stopovers at ports
of call;
4. Any military commander of a unit to which a
chaplain is assigned, in the absence of the
latter, during a military operation, likewise only
in the cases mentioned in Article 32 where a
military of a unit may have authority to
solemnize marriages in articulo mortis
between persons within the zone of military
operation, whether members of the armed
forces or civilians and;
5.Any consul –general, consul or vice-
consul in the case provided in Article 10.
To safeguard one’s marriage, young people
need to know what marriages are void
from the beginning and those which are
voidable or could be made invalid or
annulled.
 Article 35 of the Family Code of the Philippines states that the
following marriages shall be void from the beginning:

1. Those contracted by any party below eighteen years of

age even with the consent of parents or guardians
2. Those solemnized by any person not legally authorized
to perform marriages unless such marriages were
contracted with either or both parties believing ion good
faith that the solemnizing officer had the legal authority
to do so;
3. Those solemnized without a license , except those
covered with exemptions.
4. Those bigamous or polygamous
marriages not falling under Article 41;
5. Those contracted through mistake of
one contracting party as the identity of
other; and
6. Those subsequent marriages that are
void under Article 53.
 Also considered void marriages are:
1.Marriages contracted any party who, at the time of
the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated
to comply with the essential marital obligations of
marriage , even if such incapacity becomes
manifest only after solemnization and
2.Marriages between ascendants and descendants
of any degree and between brothers and sisters ,
whether full or half – blood.
The following marriages, due to public policy shall
be void from the beginning as stated in Article 38:
1.Between collateral blood relations, whether
legitimate or illegitimate , up to the fourth civil
degree
2.Between stepparents and step children
3.Between parents-in-law and children-in-law
4. Between the adopting parent and adopted
child.
5. Between surviving spouse of the children
of the same adopter and
6. Between adopted children of the same
adopter and
7. Between parties where one, with the
intention to marry the other, killed that other
person’s spouse or his or her own spouse
The same under Article 45 of the Family Code of the Philippines states that
a marriage may be annulled for any of the following causes existing at the
time of the marriage.

1. The party in whose behalf it is sought to have

the marriage annulled was eighteen yeas of age
or over but below twenty one, and the marriage
was solemnized without the consent of the
parents , guardians or persons having substitute
parental over the party, in that order unless after
attaining the age of twenty one , such party freely
cohabited with the other both lived together as
husband and wife;
2. The either party was of unsound mind,
unless such party , after coming to reason,
freely cohabited with the other as husband and
wife
3. That the consent of either party was
obtained by fraud , unless such party
afterwards, with full knowledge of facts
constituting the fraud, freely cohabited with the
other as husband and wife
4.That the consent of either party
was obtained by force or intimidation
or undue influence unless the same
having disappeared or ceased, such
party thereafter freely cohabited with
other as husband and wife;
5. That either party was physically incapable
of consummating the marriage with the
other, and such incapacity continues and
appears to incurable ; or
6.That either party was afflicted with a
sexually transmissible disease found to be
serious and appears to be incurable.
Fraud referred to in No.3 refers to any of the
following circumstances as stated in Article 46

1. Nondisclosure of a previous conviction by

final judgment of the other party to a crime
involving moral turpitude;
2. Concealment by the wife of the fact that at
the time of marriage she was pregnant by a
man other than her husband;
3.Concealment of a sexually-
transmissible disease, regardless of its
nature , existing at the time of marriage,
;
4. Concealment of drug addiction ,
habitual alcoholism , homosexuality or
lesbianism , existing at the time of
marriage.
THE FAMILY
The family is the basic social institution and the
primary group in the society. Families vary from
culture to culture.
Mudrock (1949) defines the family as a social
group characterized by common residence,
economic cooperation and reproduction.
Burgess and Locke (1963) define the family as a
group of persons united by ties of marriage,
blood or adoption, constituting a single
household, interacting and communicating with
each other in their respective social roles of
husband, wife, mother and father and son and
daughter , brother and sister and creating and
maintaining a common culture (Panopio
et..al,1994)
FAMILY STRUCTURES
Family Structures

A number of anthropological and

sociological publications classify the forms
of family and kinship in many ways. Javier,
Costales and Rivas in their book
“Introductory Sociology and Anthropology, A
pedagogy (2002) , classify family patterns
as follows:
1. MEMBERSHIP ,
ORGANIZATION AND
STRUCTURE PATTERNS
A.Nuclear Family – The basic unit of the
society is the wife and husband pair and their
children . When the married pair and their
children form an independent household
living apart from other kin, it is called a
nuclear family.
The nuclear family serves as the nucleus or
core upon which larger family groups are built.
B. Extended Family – This type is
nuclear family plus relatives of any one of
the nuclear of family members , including
aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews,
grandparents and grandchildren (Taylor
et,al 1987) who share economic and child
rearing responsibilities with them.
2. RESIDENCE PATTERN
A.Neolocal Residence
Neolocal residence occurs when norms of
residences require that a newly married
couple take up residence away from their
relatives
B.Matrilocal Residence
Matrilocal residence occurs when norms of residence
require newly married couple to take up residence with
the wife’s kin.
C.Patrilocal Residence
Political residence occurs when norms of residence
require newly married couple to take up to residence
with the husband’s kin (Birkenhoff and White 1988)
3. AUTHORITY PATTERNS
A.Patriarchal
Under this kind of authority pattern, male dominance is
the approved norm. The eldest male wields the greatest
power. As leader of the family he controls economic
resources decision making and has final say in all
matters related to the family. The female members of
the family cannot intervene since they hold low status
B. Matriarchal
Female dominance is the approved norm.
Matriarchies may have emerged among
Indian tribal societies and in nations in
which men were absent long periods of
time for warfare or food gathering
C. Equalitarian
It s one in which spouses are regarded as equals. This
does not mean however that each decision is shared in
such families (Schaefer and Lamm 1992)

Even in societies where equality is most highly

developed however , husbands continue to have more
power than wives are less involved in child rearing
(Brinkeroff and White 1987)
4.DESCENT PATTERNS
a. Bilineal Descent -- This means that both sides of a
person’s family are regarded as equally important. No
higher value is given to the brothers of one’s father as
opposed to the brother’s of one’s mother.

b. Patrilineal Descent -- From the Latin word pater which

means “father” this indicates that only the father’s relatives
are important in terms of property, inheritance and
establishment of emotional ties.
c. Matrilineal Descent -- From the
Latin word mater which means
“mother” this means that only
mother’s relatives are significant;
relatives of father is unimportant.
FAMILY ROLES
Each family member has his/her own special
roles to play in interaction. The roles of husband ,
wife and children are created , regulated and
maintained by custom and law. There are certain
traditional role expectations for family members
which are clearly defined by society. These are
roles potent factor in the personality development
of the individual.
1.The father or husband. The father is
the principal breadwinner and head of
the family. He provides leadership in
determining the goals and aspirations
of his family.
2. The mother or wife. The wife
performs the traditional role of
homemaking , rearing the children
and managing the household. She
contributes to the family income
either through full—time or part–
time employment.
3. The children. The children’s role is to
obey and respect their parents. The
eldest child is expected to help look after
the younger siblings. The children usually
visit assist in the household chores to
lighten their parents load and prepare
them for responsibilities and
independence.
FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
The family in any society is supposed to be an
institutionalized structure designed to get things
done. The functions commonly performed by the
family are (Zaide 1989):