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    8refrigerated Cargo

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    ritxi88
    The document discusses refrigerated cargoes. It describes different categories of refrigerated goods like frozen meats, chilled meats, fruits, and dairy products that require various temperature ranges. It also outlines different refrigeration systems used on refrigerated cargo vessels like cold brine direct grid cooling systems and air cooled battery systems. The document notes precautions for loading, discharging, and handling refrigerated cargoes and describes surveys refrigerated cargo vessels undergo.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8refrigerated Cargo

    Uploaded by

    ritxi88
    156 views15 pages
    The document discusses refrigerated cargoes. It describes different categories of refrigerated goods like frozen meats, chilled meats, fruits, and dairy products that require various temperature ranges. It also outlines different refrigeration systems used on refrigerated cargo vessels like cold brine direct grid cooling systems and air cooled battery systems. The document notes precautions for loading, discharging, and handling refrigerated cargoes and describes surveys refrigerated cargo vessels undergo.

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    cargo

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    8Refrigerated Cargo

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    The document discusses refrigerated cargoes. It describes different categories of refrigerated goods like frozen meats, chilled meats, fruits, and dairy products that require various temperature ranges. It also outlines different refrigeration systems used on refrigerated cargo vessels like cold brine direct grid cooling systems and air cooled battery systems. The document notes precautions for loading, discharging, and handling refrigerated cargoes and describes surveys refrigerated cargo vessels undergo.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    156 views15 pages

    8refrigerated Cargo

    Uploaded by

    ritxi88
    The document discusses refrigerated cargoes. It describes different categories of refrigerated goods like frozen meats, chilled meats, fruits, and dairy products that require various temperature ranges. It also outlines different refrigeration systems used on refrigerated cargo vessels like cold brine direct grid cooling systems and air cooled battery systems. The document notes precautions for loading, discharging, and handling refrigerated cargoes and describes surveys refrigerated cargo vessels undergo.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Learning Objectives 8

    Refrigerated cargo
     be able to appreciate & identify different categories of refrigerated
    cargoes
     be familiar with different types of cooling system used on board a
    refrigerated cargo vessel
     know the precautions to be observed while loading, discharging and
    handling refrigerated cargoes
     be familiar with different types of reefer containers
     be familiar with different types surveys a refrigerated cargo vessel is
    subjected to
     http://www-
    personal.engin.umich.edu/~parsons/470web/homework/SDC,%20Ch.
    %2028%20Reefer%20Ships.pdf

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 1


    Introduction

    REFRIGERATED CARGOES

    TEMPERATURE
    FROZEN CHILLED
    REGULATED

    MEATS MEATS APPLES/PEARS


    -9 TO -12 (BEEF) +2 TO -1
    FROZEN VEGE -1 TO -2 ORANGES
    -18 +4
    DAIRY PRODUCTS FRUITS LEMON
    -10 TO -18 GRAPEFRUIT
    FISH +10
    DAIRY PRODUCTS BANANAS
    -18 TO -29
    +12
    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 2
    Refrigerated Cargoes

    REFRIGERATED CARGOES

    TEMPERATURE
    FROZEN CHILLED
    REGULATED

    Without fear of decay Chilled BEEF hung Fruits need precise temp
    or growth of bacteria from meat rails regulated as natural
    ****** ****** ripening process
    leads to loss in taste, temp controlled, add retarded
    colour & texture 10% CO2 to extend ************
    ****** condition to 60 days CO2 given out by
    hard frozen usually CO2 destroy taste & most fruits increase
    meat colour of meat ripening-flavour-decay
    Temp/air changes essential
    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 3
    Types of Refrigerated Systems
    COLD BRINE DIRECT
    GRID COOLING SYSTEM

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 4


    COLD BRINE DIRECT
    GRID COOLING SYSTEM
     Indirect refrigeration system- frozen and chilled cargoes
     cold brine (calcium chloride in FW) is cooled down by
    direct expansion of the refrigerant,
     by pumping through space to be cooled where brine
    absorbs its sensible heat
     Evaporator - heat energy from air surrounding
    evaporator convert brine into gas (low pressure)
     Compressor - drawn to compressor the heat laden gas is
    raised from low to higher pressure, raising the temp.
     Condenser - drawn into condenser to remove heat from
    vapour by natural air circulation causing it to liquefy
     Expansion valve (Regulator)-control the flow of
    brine(liquid state) into the evaporator at a rate for a
    desired temp.
    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 5
    AIR COOLED BATTERY SYSTEM

    This system has similar refrigeration plant and a battery room with a
    grid of brine pipes. Cooled air is extracted from the battery room and
    blown into the cargo compartment through ducts. This cools the
    cargo and the return air is recirculated to the battery room. This
    system is more suitable for temperature regulated cargoes.

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 6


    REFRIGERATED CARGOES-
    PREPARATION OF HOLDS

     All compartments thoroughly cleaned, dry and free from


    any odour and taint.
     Insulation inspected and any deficiencies made good.
     Hatch plugs, ceiling, clearings and ventilator plugs
    should he inspected to ensure air tightness.
     Scuppers should be "brine sealed".
     Bilges should be cleaned , dried and sweetened.
     Cleanliness is essential:
     All traces of bacteria and mould removed by washing
    down with solution of carbolocene or formalene.
     For fruit a sodium compound is sometimes used.
     Some operators use a mild fumigant to destroy mould.
    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 7
    REFRIGERATED CARGOES-
    PREPARATION OF HOLDS-continue..

     Floor battens should be laid in line with the air flow and
    spaced according to the size of the cargo.
     Wooden dunnage should be free from taint and bark.
     For frozen goods, it is important that the dunnage is well
    cooled before cargo is stowed on it.
     Cargo should not come in contact with brine pipes.
     After the compartments has been cleaned and pre-cooled,
    the compartments must be inspected by an approved
    surveyor and a loading certificate issued before any
    cargo is loaded.

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 8


    REFRIGERATED CARGOES- HANDLING
    PRECAUTIONS DURING LOADING &
    UNDLOADING

     Remove any snow forming on brine pipes


     prevent cold air from escaping within compartments
     compartments are opened during ldg/disch, STOP the
    cooling machinery to prevent frost from forming, as this
    may act as insulation and interfere with efficient cooling
     ensure proper circulation of air in all parts of hold
     Hatches and insulated doors should be firmly closed and
    secured during breaks in cargo operations.
     Refrigerating plant to be kept running during long breaks
    eg. stoppage of work during night hours.

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 9


    REFRIGERATED CARGOES- HANDLING
    PRECAUTIONS DURING LOADING &
    UNDLOADING (continue…)

     Ensure frozen cargo is hard frozen, no soft spots and


    have any sign of mould.
     Fruits should he inspected by picking samples at random
     Clean working safety shoes should be used working
     Do not allow cargo to be dragged, pushed or thrown
    about.
     Use proper type of cargo slings for the type of cargo
    being loaded/discharge eg. canvas nets for frozen meat
    and trays for crates of cheese, butter, eggs and fruits.

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 10


    SURVEYS

    LLOYD RULES

    RUNNING SURVEY
    INTERVALS OF 12 MONTHS

    SPECIAL SURVEY
    EVERY 4 YEARS

    LOADING PORT SURVEY


    DONE AT LOADING PORT PRIOR LOADING

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 11


    RUNNING SURVEY

     Examine chambers throughout


     Check compartment for air-tightness
     Examine coverings on decks, tank top &
    tunnel
     Examine air ducting, grids & meat rails for
    damage
     Bilges to be cleaned, examine suction pipes,
    roses, pipes
     Test brine pipes to 1.5 times of wkg pressure
    or 40 psi >

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 12


    LOADING PORT SURVEY

     Examine chambers when empty


     Inspect brine pipes for leakage
     Check condition of cargo battens, gratings &
    dunnage
     Inspect condition of insulated lining of
    chambers
     Inspect scuppers & Bilge suction
     Check refrigerating installation under wkg
    condition & note temperature

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 13


    REFRIGERATED CARGO
    IN CONTAINERS

    Commonly used,

     Has it’s own refrigerating plant and pump so


    that cold air is circulated inside the container.
    When this type of container is loaded, it is
    plugged into the ship's electrical supply and
    thereafter it automatically controls the
    temperature inside the container.

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 14


    REFRIGERATED CARGO
    IN CONTAINERS - Self contained

    KNR/01-2003 SP-SMA Slide 15

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