WCDMA Basic 18 Spectrum Test and Instructions For YBT250

Internal
Spectrum Test and

Instructions for YBT250
ISSUE1.0 www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Page 2 Security Level:
The WCDMA system is a restricted

communication system by the
interference. The network quality,
capacity and coverage are all
related to the background noise.
www.huawei.com
When design the radio network, we

must obtain the strength of the
background noise in the coverage
area.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
If strong interference exists within
After studying this course, you

should be able to:
› Know the sources of electromagnetic
background interference.
› Master the methods for electromagnetic
background test.
www.huawei.com
› Know how to use YBT250 for spectrum test.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic

Interference on the System
Chapter 2 Sources of Electromagnetic
Background Interference
Chapter 3 Introduction to Interference
Test Tools www.huawei.com
Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic

Background Test
Chapter 5 Instructions for YBT250

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic Interference

on the System
1.1 Bands Used in the WCDMA System
1.2 Interference Requirements for UE
Reception
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1.3 Interference Requirements for NodeB
Reception

Bands used in the WCDMA system
UpLink Band DownLink Band
Operating
UE transmit, Node B UE receive, Node B
Band
receive transmit
I 1920 - 1980 MHz 2110 -2170 MHz
II 1850 -1910 MHz 1930 -1990 MHz
III 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHz
IV 1710-1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz
V 824 - 849MHz 869-894MHz
VI 830-840 MHz 875-885 MHz
VII 2500 - 2570 MHz 2620 - 2690 MHz
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VIII 880 - 915 MHz 925 - 960 MHz
IX 1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz
Band I, II, V and VII are most popular used in the world.
Band I is used in China.

Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System
Determine the impact of interference on the system according
to experience, as shown in the following table (for UE). Interference That Seriously
Interference Level
Acceptable Acceptable Effects Equipment Indexes
Not Affecting
Interference Level Interference Level Instead of Equipment Running, Protocol
Interference Band Receiver Sensitivity
(With the Sensitivity (With the Sensitivity Lower Than the Maximum Signal Requirement
(With the Sensitivity
Worsened by 3 dB) Worsened by 6 dB) Strength (-25 dBm) the UE Can
Worsened by 0.1 dB)
Receive by 10 dB
The required
2110-2170 MHz (co- -101 dBm/ 3.84
-117 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -96 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz sensitivity is -107
frequency interference) MHz
dBm/ 3.84 MHz.
2095-2185 MHz (adjacent -66 dBm/ 3.84
channel interference, MHz (with the
-82 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -66 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -61 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -16 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
deviated from the carrier sensitivity
by 5 MHz) worsened by 3 dB)
-56 dBm/ 3.84
2095-2185 MHz (in-band
MHz (with the
blocking, deviated from -72 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -56 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
sensitivity
the carrier by 10 MHz)
worsened by 3 dB)
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-44 dBm/ 3.84
2095-2185 MHz (in-band
MHz (with the
blocking, deviated from -60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz 6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
sensitivity
the carrier by 15 MHz)
worsened by 3 dB)
-44 dBm/ 3.84
Other bands (out-of-band
MHz (with the
blocking and spurious -60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz 6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
sensitivity
response)
worsened by 3 dB)
Note:
 dBm/Hz refers to the level unit of single-tone signals.
 The reference port for measurement is the reception port of the UE antenna.
 The reference requirements are based on the protocol TSG25.101.

Determine the impact of interference on the system
according to experience, as shown in the following table
(for NodeB). Interference Level
Not Affecting
Acceptable
Interference Level
Acceptable
Interference Level
Interference That Seriously
Effects Equipment Indexes
Instead of Equipment Running, Specification for NodeB
Interference Band Receiver Sensitivity (With the (With the
Lower Than the Maximum Indexes
(With the Sensitivity Sensitivity Sensitivity
Signal Strength (-70 dBm) the
Worsened by 0.1 dB) Worsened by 3 dB) Worsened by 6 dB)
UE Can Receive by 10 dB
1920-1980 MHz (co- The sensitivity specification
-121 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -105 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -100 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -80 dBm/ 3.8 4MHz
frequency interference) is -123 dBm/3.84MHz.
1900-2000 MHz
(adjacent channel
-42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the
interference, deviated -63 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -47 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -22 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
from the carrier by 5
MHz)
1900-2000 MHz (in-band -30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the
blocking) sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
1900-2000 MHz (out-of- -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the
band blocking) sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
935-960 MHz www.huawei.com
16 dBm/Hz (with the
1805-1880 MHz (out-of- -5 dBm/Hz 11 dBm/Hz 16 dBm/Hz 36 dBm/Hz
sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
band blocking)
Other bands (out-of- -5 dBm/Hz (with the
-26 dBm/Hz -10 dBm/Hz -5 dBm/Hz 15 dBm/Hz
band blocking) sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
Note:
 dBm/Hz refers to the level unit of single-tone signals.
 The reference port for measurement is the reception port of the NodeB antenna.
 The reference requirements are based on the protocol TSG25.101.
 During analysis, the index for adjacent channel interference and in-band blocking is 10 dB better than that specified in the protocol. This is the RF index the NodeB
can ensure.

Interference requirements for UE reception (taking the
band 2110 - 2170 MHz as an example)
› Interference band: 2110 - 2170 MHz
› Interference level not affecting receiver sensitivity: -117 dBm/3.84 MHz, with
the sensitivity worsened by 0.1 dB
› Acceptable interference: -101 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened
by 3 dB
› Acceptable interference: -96 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by
6 dB
› Interference that seriously effects equipment indexes instead of equipment
www.huawei.com
running:
-35dBm/3.84MHz, lower than the maximum signal strength (-25 dBm) the UE
can receive by 10 dB
› Sensitivity: at least -107 dBm/3.84 MHz as required in the protocol

Interference requirements for NodeB reception
(taking the band 1920 -1980 MHz as example)
› Interference band: 1920 - 1980 MHz
› Interference level not affecting receiver sensitivity: -121 dBm/3.84 MHz, with
the sensitivity worsened by 0.1 dB
› Acceptable interference: - 105 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened
by 3 dB
› Acceptable interference: - 100 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened
by 6 dB
› Interference that seriously effects equipment indexes instead of equipment
www.huawei.com
running: -80 dBm/3.84MHz
› Sensitivity: at least -123 dBm/3.84 MHz as required in the protocol


Test Tools
www.huawei.com
Background Test


2.1 2G Band Allocation
2.2 Analysis on Interference Sources
www.huawei.com

2G Band Allocation
In china, 2G bands are allocated as

follows: Planning of Bands 1.8 GHz and 1.9 GHz in China
Band (MHz) Occupation
1710~1720/1805~1815 GSM1800 for China Mobile
1745~1755/1840~1850 GSM1800 for China Unicom
1800~1805 SCDMA (Beijing Xinwei)
1850~1865/1920~1945 Reserved
1865~1880/1954~1960 PCS1900 (not occupied)
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1880~1900/1960~1980 FDD WIL (used by China Telecom and China
Unicom in some cities by the end of 2002)
1900~1920 TDD WLL (PHS/DECT)


2.1 2G Band Allocation
2.2 Analysis on Interference Sources
» TDD WLL www.huawei.com
» FDD WLL
» Microwave transmission
» Repeater

Analysis of Interference Sources
TDD WLL (PHS/DECT)
› The system occupies the 1900 -1920 MHz band.
› For the PHS system, the bandwidth occupied by the channel is
smaller than or equal to 288 KHz.
› For the DECT system, the bandwidth occupied by the channel is
smaller than or equal to 1533 KHz.
FDD WLL
› Uplink band: 1880 -1900 MHz
› Downlink band: 1960 -1980 MHz www.huawei.com
› The bandwidth occupied by the system is 1.25 MHz.
› The EiRP of a typical NodeB is about 25 dBm.

Analysis
Page 16 of Interference Sources Security Level:
Microwave transmission
› Occupied bandwidth: usually over several MHz.
› Normal reception level of microwave is about -60 dBm, imposing a great impact
on the WCDMA system.
Repeater
› Nonstandard installation results in insufficient antenna isolation, thus self-
excitation. This affects normal running of the NodeB where the repeater is
installed.
› The repeater is a wide-band non-linear amplifier. Its intermodulation index
www.huawei.com
exceeds the one specified in the protocol. The repeater easily causes
interference to nearby NodeBs when its power is too large.
Others
› Some communication devices occupy WCDM bands. Unreasonable installation
and isolation result in high harmonic signals and thus cause interference to the
WCDMA system. In addition, radar is also a common interference source.



Background Test

Chapter 3 Introduction to Interference Test

Tools
1.1 Spectrum Analyzer
1.2 Antenna
1.3 Low Noise Amplifier
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Interference
Page 19
Test Tools Security Level:
Spectrum analyzer
› A spectrum analyzer is used to test frequency domain features of signals,
covering spectrum, adjacent channel power, fast time domain scanning,
spurious radiation and intermodulation attenuation.
› Key indexes
» Resolution bandwidth (RBW)
» Input frequency and central frequency (F0)
» Sensitivity
» Span
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» Reference level (RefLvl)
» Video filter bandwidth (VBW)
» Input signal attenuation (ATT)
» Detection mode (RMS)
» Sweep time

Interference Test Tools
Main technical indexes of various spectrum

analyzers
Minimum Resolution
Model Working Band Sensitivity (1 Hz)
Bandwidth
HP8591E 30 - 1.8 GHz -145 dBm 30 Hz
HP8594E 30 - 2.9 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz
HP8595E 30 - 6.5 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz www.huawei.com
HP8561E 30 - 6.5 GHz -145 dBm 1 Hz
YBT250 30 - 2500 MHz -132 dBm 1 KHz

Antenna
› Omnidirectional antenna: It facilitates interference
measurement instead of interference location.
› Directional antenna: It is used to search interference sources.
The more distinct the directivity is and the higher the gain is, the
stronger the searching capability is.
› Common directional antennas:
» Panel antenna
» Yagi antenna
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» Log periodic antenna

Low noise amplifier (LNA)
› Used to improve the receiver sensitivity of the testing instrument.
› During a test, we can select the LNA with 30 dB gain and 5 dB
noise coefficient.
› Additional power supply needs to be considered for the LNA. Some
testing instruments (like YBT250 ) are configured a built-in LNA.
› For a cascade network, the noise coefficient of the system depends
on level-1 noise coefficient when a high gain amplifier is configured
at the front end of the system.
www.huawei.com



Background Test

Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic Background

Test
4.1 Preparations
4.2 Setting Basic Parameters

www.huawei.com
4.3 Measurement Procedure
4.4 Data Processing

Preparations
Master local radio band planning and the usage of
radio equipment by enterprises
› For pilot networks
» No available frequency is determined and the testing frequency is allocated
temporarily. During a spectrum test, you need to scan the entire band or
select several 5 MHz bands for test according to the local frequency
resources for use at the later phase.
› For commercial networks

» Frequency resources are determined. The test focuses on the bands used by
the operator and is intended to eliminate interference at the bands in use.
www.huawei.com

Preparations
Determine the test time and place

› Uplink electromagnetic interference test
» Test place: the place where the NodeB antenna is installed.
» Conduct the test in three directions (0˚, 120˚ and 240˚).
» Use a portable antenna or the NodeB’s antenna.
› Downlink electromagnetic interference test

» Select a certain quantity of typical points within the cell coverage for test.
» Conduct the test in three directions (0˚, 120˚ and 240˚).
» Use a portable antenna. www.huawei.com
» Perform a drive test, drive the vehicle slowly along the main streets covered by a
cell and then stop the vehicle for further test when detecting the interference.

Preparations
Prepare tools and make

sure that they are
available:
› Spectrum analyzer
› GPS receiver
› Compass
› Testing antenna
www.huawei.com
› Vehicle

Preparations
Prepare tools and make them available:
Device Connector Model
› Connect an LNA to the spectrum
analyzer with low receiver sensitivity.
Yagi antenna N (female)
› During system connection, check
whether connectors are matched and Bandpass filter N (female)
ensure continuous power supply for the YBT250 spectrum
instruments. N (female)
analyzer
LNA SMA (male)
Yaqi antenna Feeder N (male)

Feeder N (male)/SMA (male)
www.huawei.com
Filter
50 ohm matched
N (male)
load
LNA
Cable
YBT250
spectrum
analyzer

Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test

4.1 Preparations

www.huawei.com
4.4 Data Processing

Setting
Page 30 Basic Parameters Security Level:
Set the following basic parameters

Parameter Parameter Value Remarks
Uplink: Fo=1950; downlink: Fo=2140 Central frequency of the

Fo
(MHz) spectrum under test
Span of the testable
SPAN For example, SPAN=100 MHz
spectrum
MaxHold Select MaxHold or Average according

Display the maximum
to occurrent or continuous interference
/Average value/the average value
respectively. www.huawei.com
Do not select AutoLevel. Set the

reference level according to the testing
RefLvl Reference level
signal and try to display the signal in the
middle of the spectrum analyzer.
Vertical
10 dB/div (default) Vertical scale
Scale


4.1 Preparations

www.huawei.com
4.4 Data Processing

Measurement Procedure
Determining the test azimuth

› Select the position where the NodeB antenna is installed for test. Usually, you
need to conduct the test in three directions. If the direction of the NodeB
antenna is determined, make the testing antenna be in the same direction as
the NodeB antenna.
Searching interference
› Search interference within the uplink band and then within the downlink band.
› Specific operations: www.huawei.com
» Enter the YBT250 spectrum test interface and set Fo and Span.
» Fill in the record table, save data files, and check whether there is interference.
› Judge rule: whether there is interference waveform higher than the noise floor.

Measurement
Page 33
Procedure Security Level:
Interference confirmation
› During interference search, if there is interference, conduct a interference
confirmation test. Specific steps are as follows:
» Enter the interface for measuring YBT250 NodeB test information, and set Fo to a
central frequency point near interference, Span to 3 × interference bandwidth,
and Channel Bandwidth to 4 M.
» Read the in-band interference power, fill in the record table, and save the data file.
In-band test
› For the customer pilot, test the in-band power for all the candidate channels.
For commercial offices, focus on testing the in-band power for thewww.huawei.com
available
channels. Specific steps are as follows:
» Enter the interface for measuring YBT250 NodeB test information, and
set Fo to a central frequency point of the testing channel, Channel
Bandwidth to 5 M, and Span to 3 × interference bandwidth.
» Read the in-band power, fill in the record table, and save the data file.

Measurement
Page 34 Procedure Security Level:
Downlink drive test

Downlink drive test means driving a vehicle slowly along the main
streets covered by a cell and conducting a point test after discovering
large interference.
Specific operations:
» Enter the YBT250 spectrum test interface.
» Set Fo to 2140 MHz and Span to 60 MHz. Search interference when the
vehicle moves at a speed lower than 15 km/h.
Point test items include:
» Set Fo to a central frequency point near the interference, Channel www.huawei.com
Bandwidth to 4 MHz, and Span to 3× interference bandwidth. Record the

in-band interference power.
» Or set Fo to a central frequency point of the testing channel, Channel
Bandwidth to 5 MHz, and Span to 3× channel bandwidth. Record the in-
band power.


4.1 Preparations

www.huawei.com
4.4 Data Processing

Data Processing
After completing measurement, perform data

processing.
 After completing measurement for the test
area, output
WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test
Form
 After completing measurement for the entire
local network, output www.huawei.com
Report on WCDMA Electromagnetic

Interference Test

Question
Is the interference level

obtained from the
electromagnetic
interference test equal to
the level of the
interference signals at
the top of the NodeB or www.huawei.com
at the antenna port of the

MS?

Answer
The testing system and

WCDMA system adopt
different antennas and
feeders. Therefore, you
need to calculate the
level of the interference
signals at the top of the www.huawei.com
NodeB or at the antenna

port of the MS according
to the test data during
analysis.

Answer
Testing system
› Antenna gain: 3 dBi
› Feeder loss: 1 dB
› Measured interference level: -90 dBm
WCDMA system
› Gain of the NodeB antenna: 10 dBi
› Feeder loss: 2 dB www.huawei.com
› Interference level at the NodeB: 90 - (3 -1) + (10 - 2)＝-84 dBm

Question
How to estimate the power

of the interference level
within the channel
bandwidth according to
the interference level
within the RBW?
www.huawei.com

Answer
The WCDMA system is a broadband
system. Therefore, you need to
calculate the integral power of the
interference level within the
channel bandwidth.
› RBW of the testing system: 10 KHz
› Interference level within the RBW: -80 dBm
› Channel bandwidth: 3.84 MHz www.huawei.com
› Integral power within the channel:
P = -80 + 10LOG(3.84*106/10*103) = -54dBm



Background Test


System connection
Power-on
Measurement
www.huawei.com
Measurement setting
Measurement result

Before site survey, you need to conduct a

spectrum test and find proper frequency
test instruments.
Tektronix YBT250 is recommended.
Features of YBT250
› Portable, easy to carry
www.huawei.com
› System integration, with a built-in LNA

System connection
› The matched antenna of YBT250 is Yagi
Yaqi antenna
directional antenna.
› A portable small antenna can be used for
electromagnetic background test. Filter
› YBT250 can use the battery delivered LNA

together or can be externally connected to
the power supply.
Cable
YBT250
Power-on spectrum
www.huawei.com
analyzer
› Press Power and enter the Windows CE
operating system.
› Enter the measurement interface through the
touch screen of YBT250.

Measurement
› YBT250 supports the following three
measurement functions:
» NodeB information measurement
» Spectrum test
» Interference source search
› Spectrum test supports the following two

display modes:
www.huawei.com
» Spectrum mode
» Spectrogrum mode

Instructions
Page 47
for YBT250 Security Level:
Measurement
› The spectrum mode is used for real-time measurement.
» Determine the band to be tested and set Fo.
» Modify the span.
» Observe the spectrum diagram, adjust the Fo and span, and view whether there is
interference.
» The Trace menu includes the following options:
– Normal, Max Hold, Min Hold and Max/Min Hold
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» Save the current spectrum diagram.
Note: You need to set RefLvl correctly to make the measured signal level
range from RefLvl to (RefLvl-70dB). The difference of the maximum level and
minimum of level that the YBT250 can correctly display is 70 dB.

Measurement
The spectrogrum mode is used to check
whether there is interference at a certain band
in a specified time. The horizontal axis stands
for the band and the vertical axis for the time.
Specific operations:
» Set the automatic storage option and a file name.
» Set the band (Fo and span).
» Open the saved file and view interference.
www.huawei.com
To view the exact interference, you can export
the file as:
» A picture
» Data (.txt,.csv)
» Export the data from YBT250 using the U disk or
network cable.

Measurement setting
» Fo: the central frequency of the testing signal (unit: MHz)
» Span: It can be set to 100 MHz, 10 MHz or 5 MHz.
» RBW: It is automatically set by the instrument according to the span.
» MaxHold/Average: display the maximum value and the average value.
» RefLvl: set according to the interference level.
Measurement result
WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test Form and Report on WCDMA
www.huawei.com
Electromagnetic Interference Test

www.huawei.com
A spectrum trail in the interference window Instance of displaying signal strength

Conclusion
This course describes

possible interference
sources at the WCDMA
band, methods for
www.huawei.com
electromagnetic
background test, and
instructions for YBT250.

Internal
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Author / ID Zhang San/12345
Co-author / ID Li Si/54321; Wang Er/67890; Li Si/54321; Wang Er/67890;
Approver / ID Wang Si/23456
Description
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 53

Contents
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 55
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation,
statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology,
etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially
from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for
reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the
information at any time without notice.

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Internal

Spectrum Test and

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

The WCDMA system is a restricted

When design the radio network, we

After studying this course, you

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic

Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic Interference

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Band I is used in China.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 2 Sources of Electromagnetic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

In china, 2G bands are allocated as

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 2 Sources of Electromagnetic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic

Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 3 Introduction to Interference Test

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Main technical indexes of various spectrum

HP8591E 30 - 1.8 GHz -145 dBm 30 Hz

HP8594E 30 - 2.9 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz

HP8595E 30 - 6.5 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz www.huawei.com

HP8561E 30 - 6.5 GHz -145 dBm 1 Hz

YBT250 30 - 2500 MHz -132 dBm 1 KHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic

Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic

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Chapter 4 Methods for Electromagnetic Background

4.2 Setting Basic Parameters

4.3 Measurement Procedure

4.4 Data Processing

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

› For commercial networks

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Determine the test time and place

› Downlink electromagnetic interference test

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Prepare tools and make

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

LNA SMA (male)