Hydrometeorological Hazards

TAMMY SALOME BERANGO-MOLATO, R.N.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
- are hazards processes which involve the
interaction of the atmosphere, bodies of water and
land, and which pose threat to lives and human
property.
1. Tropical Cyclone
2. Thunderstorm
3. Flood
3. Flash Flood
4. Storm Surge
5. El Niño
6. La Niña
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE/WATER CYCLE
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE/WATER CYCLE
1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Precipitation
4. Infiltration
5. Evapo-Transpiration
Processes that govern terrestrial water
flow:
1. Interception of precipitation by vegetation cover
a. Before reaching the land surface, a part of the
precipitation may be intercepted by vegetation and/or
other types of surface cover. A portion of intercepted
rainfall evaporates and the other portion may flow
down on vegetation stems
2. Storage in land surface depressions

a. Detention of a part of precipitation on depressions.
While most waters flows back to the ocean, some can
flow in streams towards closed lake, or purposely
diverted for human use, and stored there for a time.
3. Infiltration of water into soil
a. Flow of water through soil surface which is
affected by soil properties like texture, structure and
moisture content
4. Evapotranspiration
a. total evaporation from surface water and plants
is referred to as evapotranspiration
5. Recharge of groundwater
a. Water storage in the soil-rock system
6. River runoff
a. Part of the precipitation that flows into river
systems
Heavy rain and
efficient runoff
leads to more
flooding events.
TYPES OF CLOUDS
CLOUDS
A cloud is a visible aggregate of small
water droplets and/or ice particles in
the atmosphere above earth’s surface
and they form in the atmosphere as a
result of condensation of water vapor
rising from the surface. They can be
visual indicators of certain weather
patterns.
Cirrus Clouds (high level clouds)
Cirro - Latin for “curl of hair”
- form between 16,000 ft.- 23,000 ft.
- appear as thin wispy structure
- composed of tiny ice crystals suspended in the
atmosphere
- Indicates a strong Jetstream
Stratus Clouds (low level clouds but can be

observed in middle and high altitudes)
Strato - Latin for “layer or sheet”
- appear as hazy-white blanket of clouds
Cumulus Clouds (low level clouds)

Cumulo - Latin for “heap or pile”
- form between 500 ft.- 4,000 ft.
- appear as fluffy white cottonballs
- Composed of tiny water droplets suspended in
the atmosphere
- Indicates a good weather
Cirrostratus Clouds (high level clouds)
- transparent, whitish veil clouds with a fibrous
appearance
AltoStratus Clouds (midlevel clouds)

- gray cloud sheets of fibrous clouds that totally
or partially covers the sky, but thin enough to
reveal the sun
Nimbostratus Clouds (low level clouds)

- a dark gray cloud layer covering the sky with
continuous falling rain
TROPICAL CYCLONE
- a severe weather disturbance characterized by
strong winds and heavy rains which revolve
around a central low pressure area
- it is a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the
western part of the Pacific Ocean b/w 180° and
100° E, region referred toas Northwestern pacific
Basin
Northwestern Pacific Basin
- the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth
- accounting for almost one third of the world's annual
tropical cyclones
Northwestern Pacific Ocean
- has 3 regions: a. Eastern (North America- 140°W),b.
Central (140°-180°W), and Western (180°-100°E)
FLASH FLOOD
- a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas
- may be caused by heavy rain associated with
severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm or
meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice
sheets or snow fields
- occurs when rain falls on a low-lying area where
there is low infiltration(soil is already saturated,
inherently impermeable, or is covered with
impermeable material like concrete)
- can occur after eruption when glaciers have been
melted by intense heat/sudden thawing
- common in highly populated urban areas
FLOOD
- is an overflow of water that submerges land
which is usually dry
- may occur as an overflow of water from water
bodies in which the water overtops or breaks
leeves, resulting in some of that water escaping
its usual boundaries
- it may occur due to an accumulation of rainwater
on saturated ground
STORM SURGE
- is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of
rising water commonly associated with low
pressure weather systems
- a localized unusual increase of sea water level
beyond the predicted astronomical tide level
primarily due to intense winds and lowered
atmospheric pressure during the passage of an
intense tropical cyclone from the sea to the land
THUNDERSTORM
- is a violent, transient type of weather disturbance
associated with thousands of meters tall
cumulonimbus clouds and which usually involves
lightning and thunder, strong winds, intense
rainfall and occasionally tornadoes and hail
- often occur in the equatorial reions
- can occur any time of the day but happen mostly
in the afternoon and evening during summer
EL NIÑO
- is the warm phase of El Niño Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)
- is a prolonged unusual warming of sea surface
temperatures in the central equatorial Pacific
and the eastern equatorial Pacific (b/w
approximately IDL and 120°W) including off the
Pacific coast of South America
- it entails a 3-month, greater-than-usual warming
in a specific portion of the east-central tropical
Pacific Ocean
- accompanied by high air pressure in the Western
Pacific and low air pressure in the Eastern Pacific
- is caused by weak easterly trade winds
LA NIÑA
- is the cold phase of El Niño Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)
- is a prolonged unusual cooling of sea surface
temperatures in the central equatorial Pacific
and the eastern equatorial Pacific (b/w
approximately IDL and 120°W)including off the
Pacific coast of South America
- it may last for 1-3 years and can follow El Niño
but record shows that El Niño occur twice as
frequent as La Niñas
- is caused by strengthening of the easterly trade
winds which blow more warm water towards the
west

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TAMMY SALOME BERANGO-MOLATO, R.N.

2. Storage in land surface depressions

Stratus Clouds (low level clouds but can be

Cumulus Clouds (low level clouds)

AltoStratus Clouds (midlevel clouds)

Nimbostratus Clouds (low level clouds)

You might also like