Uv Visible
Uv Visible
Uv Visible
By
Asmara Aslam
Session: 2016-2018
Registration#:
Department of Chemistry,
The National College Toba Tek Singh.
Affiliated
Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad
Introduction: Spectroscopy
~ 400 - ~ 115
700 nm nm
~ 200 – 400
nm
~ 150-
250 nm
http://teaching.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/uvvisab1.htm
Absorption: Lineshape
h
*
A light source
A monochromator
A Sample
Compartment
A detector
UV/Visible Spectroscopy: Light
Sources
Xenon, Mercury/Xenon
Flash Arc-Lamps –
light generated
from Xe plasma
Pure Xenon has very wide emission spectrum
~200 – 1200 nm
Xenon/Mercury is blue shifted for more power
in the UV region, used more often for
sterilization
UV/Visible Spectroscopy: Light
Sources
Deuterium
distance between
slits diffraction
wavelength!
order
a sin( ) n
These can be semi-transparent gratings or
ridged mirrorsthough a slit (or bouncing
After passing
off a ridge) the angle at which the light
leaves is given by
Sample Compartments/Holders
Silicon diode:
Basically a solar cell – light ionizes n-doped
(phosphate) silicon, placing the electrons
in the conduction band (i.e. having a
voltage).
Sample
Detector Czerny-Turner
Light
Source
APPLICATIONS:
Detection of Impurities
UV absorption spectroscopy is one of the best methods for determination of
impurities in organic molecules. Additional peaks can be observed due to
impurities in the sample and it can be compared with that of standard raw
material. By also measuring the absorbance at specific wavelength, the
impurities can be detected.
Benzene appears as a common impurity in cyclohexane. Its presence can be
easily detected by its absorption at 255 nm.
Qualitative analysis
UVabsorption spectroscopy can characterize those types of compounds which
absorbs UV radiation. Identification is done by comparing the absorption
spectrum with the spectra of known compounds.
UV absorption spectroscopy is generally used for characterizing aromatic
compounds and aromatic olefins
Dissociation constants of acids and bases.
PH = PKa + log [A-] / [HA]
From the above equation, the PKa value can be calculated if the ratio of [A-] / [HA] is
known at a particular PH. and the ratio of [A-] / [HA] can be determined
spectrophotometrically from the graph plotted between absorbance and wavelength at
different PH values.
Chemical kinetics
Kinetics of reaction can also be studied using UV spectroscopy. The UV radiation is
passed through the reaction cell and the absorbance changes can be observed.
As HPLC detector
A UV/Vis spectrophotometer may be used as a detector for HPLC. The presence of an
analyte gives a response which can be assumed to be proportional to the concentration.
For more accurate results, the instrument's response to the analyte in the unknown
should be compared with the response to a standard; as in the case of calibration curve.