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    Acid Rain: Presented by

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    Anand Asia
    Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from human activities like burning fossil fuels. It makes rain more acidic than normal, with a pH lower than 5.6. Acid rain damages plants, aquatic animals, infrastructure, and soils. It is formed through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere involving these compounds and water vapor. Preventive measures include reducing fossil fuel use, conserving and growing more forests, and developing more efficient vehicle engines.

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    Acid Rain: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Anand Asia
    72 views13 pages
    Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from human activities like burning fossil fuels. It makes rain more acidic than normal, with a pH lower than 5.6. Acid rain damages plants, aquatic animals, infrastructure, and soils. It is formed through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere involving these compounds and water vapor. Preventive measures include reducing fossil fuel use, conserving and growing more forests, and developing more efficient vehicle engines.

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    ACID RAIN

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    Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from human activities like burning fossil fuels. It makes rain more acidic than normal, with a pH lower than 5.6. Acid rain damages plants, aquatic animals, infrastructure, and soils. It is formed through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere involving these compounds and water vapor. Preventive measures include reducing fossil fuel use, conserving and growing more forests, and developing more efficient vehicle engines.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    72 views13 pages

    Acid Rain: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Anand Asia
    Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from human activities like burning fossil fuels. It makes rain more acidic than normal, with a pH lower than 5.6. Acid rain damages plants, aquatic animals, infrastructure, and soils. It is formed through complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere involving these compounds and water vapor. Preventive measures include reducing fossil fuel use, conserving and growing more forests, and developing more efficient vehicle engines.

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    ACID RAIN

    Presented by
     
    M.V. GAYATHRI
    B.Sc., Chemistry
    INTRODUCTION
     Acid rain is rain or any other
    from of precipitation that is unusually
    acidic.

     It has harmful effects on plants,


    aquatic animals, and infrastructure.
    DEFINITION
     Acid rain is a popular term referring to the
    deposition of wet and dry “Acid Deposition”

     Clean or unpolluted rain has a slightly acidic PH of


    about 5.2

    H2O (l) + CO2 (g) H2Co3 (aq)

     The extra acidity in rain comes from the reaction


    of primary air pollutants, Primarily sulphur oxides and
    nitrogen oxides, with water in the air to form strong
    acids (like sulphuric and nitric acid.
    CAUSES FOR ACID RAIN
     Emissions from volcanoes and biological
    processes that occur on the land, in wet lands and in the
    oceans.
    CAUSES BY HUMAN ACTIVITY
     The principal
    cause of acid rain is
    sulphur and nitrogen
    compounds.
    CAUSES BY INDUSTRY
     Coal power plants are one of the most
    polluting.

     In the Past factories had short funnels to


    let out smoke, but this caused many problems
    locally.

     Thus, factories now have taller smoke


    funnels.
    CAUSES BY CHEMICAL PROCESSES

    Formation of Sulphuric Acid

     So3 + H2O H2 SO4 Sulphuric Acid

    Formation of Nitric acid


     

     N2 O5 + H2O 2 HNO3 Nitric Aid


    Hydrolysis
     Sulphur dioxide dissolves in water and then,
    like carbon dioxide, hydrolyses in a series of
    equilibrium reaction:

    SO2 (g) + H2O SO2 . H2O


     
    SO2 . H2O H+ + HSO-3
     
    HSO-3 H+ + SO2-3
    OXIDATION
    The most important oxidation reaction are with Ozone,
    hydrogen peroxide and oxygen (reactions with oxygen
    are catalyzed by iron and manganese in the cloud
    droplets).
     ACID DEPOSITION
    Acid rain is the one phase of acid deposition which can
    either be wet or dry from.
    WET DEPOSITION:
    Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form of
    precipitation
    DRY DEPOSITION
     This can be responsible for as much as 20 to 60%
    of total acid deposition.
     This occurs when particles and gases stick to the
    ground, plants or other surfaces.

    ADVERSE EFFECTS
     Adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils,
    killing insect and aquatic life – forms
     The acid rain destroys plants, trees and bushes
    reducing agricultural productivity.
         Acid rain affects entire aquatic system and the
    soil turns into acidic or sterile.

         Acid rain reduces the rate of photosynthesis


    growth and reduction of the activity of nitrogen
    fixing bacteria due to loss of fertility of soil.
    Acid rain has destroyed historical building (Like
    Tajmahal)

    CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2


    SURFACE WATERS AND AQUATIC ANIMALS.

     Cause damage to fish and other aquatic


    animals.
     As lakes and rivers become more acidic
    biodiversity is reduced.
    Acid rain has eliminated insect life and some
    fish species.
     Some microbes are unable to tolerate changes
    to low PHs and are killed.
     The enzymes of these microbes are denatured
    changed
     The hydronium ions of acid rain also mobilize
    toxins, eg aluminium.
     Soil chemistry can be dramatically changed

    PREVENTIVE MEASURES:
     Reduction in the use of fossil fuel
     Conservation of forest
     Afforestation and encouraging community
    forestry
     Reduction in the use of automobiles
     Research on the development of more
    efficient automobile engines.

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