Physical & Human Geography

Southeast
Asia:
Physical & Human
Geography
Myanmar
Thailand
Cambodia
Brunei
Malaysia
Singapore Indonesi
a
What is this river What is this
called? >> peninsula
called?
What is this
peninsula
called?
What is this
country called?
Sub-regions of SE Asia
1. Southeastern corner of the Asian mainland

 Examples:
 Peninsulas
 Indochinese Peninsula (rectangular)
 Malay Peninsula (narrow strip of land; 700
miles long)
 Bridge between the mainland and islands
2. Numerous islands
 Most are ARCHIPELAGOS
Mountains and Volcano Islands
 Most of the mountains found on islands

are of volcanic origin
 This region is part of a group of volcanoes
we learned about in Unit 1…What is it?
 Pacific Ring of Fire (SE Asia is part of)

 Volcanoes and earthquakes occur
FREQUENTLY http://video.gmx.net/watch/4923407/Johnn
y_Cash_Ring_of_Fire
High (volcanic) Islands
1. Magma sometimes erupts 2. Over time, layers of lava 3. Some volcanic cones rise above
through cracks in the ocean can build up to form a sea level and become islands.
floor. volcanic cone.
Low (coral) Islands
1. Some corals form reefs on the 2. As the island erodes, the reef 3. In time, only the low islands
sides of volcanic islands. continues to grow upward. of the reef remain.
Mekong River
 Mekong River:
 Begins in China, stretches to Vietnam
 Millions rely on river for farming and
fishing
SE Asia’s Resources
 Soil is very fertile

 Why?
 Frequent volcanic activity and flooding of
rivers ADD nutrients to the soil…thus
keeping it rich.
 Mineral resources are also found
throughout the region
Merapi Volcano: Java, Indonesia
Climate
 The region has
mostly a tropical
wet climate with
large quantities of
rain.
 Some parts receive
over 100 inches of
rain; some over 200
inches
 Average temp 80*
year round!
http://www.scientificamerican.com/arti
Glaciers in Indonesia cle.cfm?id=tropical-glaciers-in-

indonesia-disappear
 Higher elevations in Indonesia have

glaciers
 higher the elevation, lower the temp
Monsoons
 Like many other regions in Asia, SE Asia is

also prone to MONSOONS
 Examples:
 Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia,
Vietnam
Human Environment Interaction
 With so much rain & mountainous areas, the

people use terrace farming  creation of ledges
or steps on slopes to make the area suitable for
farming, it also stops soil from being washed
away with all of the rain.
These rice paddies on the island
of Bali show an ancient method
of altering the landscape for
farming. Farmers build terraces,
or ledges, on the sides of hills.
Terracing has many advantages.
It lets people plant on
slopes, allowing them to use
otherwise unproductive land. It
makes irrigation easier because
gravity causes water to flow
from high terraces to low ones.
And it conserves soil,
because the terraces
prevent dirt from
being washed down
Krakatoa Disaster p.710-711
 1)What happened to Krakatoa in 1883?

 2) Why did the Krakatoa eruption cause
thousands of deaths in Java & Sumatra?
 3) What is Anak Krakatoa?
 4) What were the effects of the
eruption according to the map and
illustrations?
Vocabulary Time!
Make sure you define these terms!
 Archipelago
 Mandalas (the italic version in glossary!)
 ASEAN
 Push Factors
 Indochina
 Pull Factors
 Industrialization
 Vietnam War
 Khmer Empire
 Krakatoa
t
Asia:
Human
Geograp
hy
History of
Colonialism
 Europeans
colonized the area
to use its vast
resources to obtain
wealth
 The French  Japan takes over around

colonized WWII
Cambodia, Laos, &  Some countries gained
Vietnam; naming independence peacefully,
the area Indochina Indonesia had to fight the
Dutch for it
Early SE Asia
 Early SE states didn’t
set borders
 Mandalas: states
organized as rings of
power around a
central court
 Could vary in size,
changed over time
too
 Example:
 Khmer Empire
Vietnam
 Won independence from
French in 1954
 Split into
 North Vietnam: communist
 South Vietnam: republic
 N & S fought from 1957-1975

for control
Vietnam War – 1957- 1975
 1965: the US stepped in to prevent a
communist leader from taking over
 The US withdrew in 1973 and the communist

leader took over in 1975
 North and south were now one country (Vietnam)
Phan Thị Kim Phúc, is the child depicted in the Pulitzer
Prize-winning photograph taken during the Vietnam War
on June 8, 1972. The iconic photo taken in Trang Bang by
AP photographer Nick Ut shows her at about nine years
of age running naked on a road after being severely
burned on her back by a South Vietnamese napalm
attack.
Economics - Traditional
 Most of SE Asia depends on
agriculture
 Agriculture  rice (chief food crop)
 Forestry  teak (expensive wood
used in fancy & outdoor furniture)
Why a lack of Industry
for so long?
 Reasons:
 Vietnam War destroyed
factories & roads
 Fleeing of refugees =
reduced work force
 Political turmoil
 Extreme weather
 tsunamis
Economics – Modern
 ASEAN =
Association of
Southeast Asian
Nations
 Promotes economic
growth and peace
within the region
Econ. – Modern Continued
 Manufacturing and industry have grown
rapidly since the 1960s
 Southeast Asia is now a major industrial
center for clothing & electronic products
Effects of Industrialization
 Cities are growing, which causes people to
move to the cities (in search of jobs)
 Push-Pull Factors
 PUSH FACTORS: drive rural people from their
land
 Lost Resources, Scarcity of Land, Population
Growth
 PULL FACTORS: attract people to cities
 Industry and other benefits (education/gov.
services)
***Due to the large numbers of immigrants, many cities are finding it difficult
to deal with the growing populations.
MOVEMENT Many rapidly growing Southeast Asian cities are
overcrowded. That is one of several factors creating slums,
such as this one in Jakarta, Indonesia. Why would high rates
of migration to cities cause overcrowding?
PLACE These Cambodian
women work in a factory
that makes blue jeans for
export to the United States
and Europe.
Why do you suppose this
industry hires so many
women?
Singapore
 A financial
center
with tall
skyscrapers
and a busy
bustling
city center
A Rich Mosaic of Culture
 Southeast Asia has absorbed many influences from
other regions and used them to create their own culture
 Religious Diversity
 Buddhism is widespread in
the region
 Philippines is mostly
Catholic (as a result of
Spanish rule),
 Indonesia and Brunei are
mostly Muslim
 Hinduism and other
traditional local beliefs are
also practiced

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Southeast

1. Southeastern corner of the Asian mainland

 Most of the mountains found on islands

 Pacific Ring of Fire (SE Asia is part of)

 Soil is very fertile

Glaciers in Indonesia cle.cfm?id=tropical-glaciers-in-

 Higher elevations in Indonesia have

 Like many other regions in Asia, SE Asia is

 With so much rain & mountainous areas, the

 1)What happened to Krakatoa in 1883?

 The French  Japan takes over around

 N & S fought from 1957-1975

 The US withdrew in 1973 and the communist

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