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    Metastable Ions

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    Kavya E
    This document discusses metastable ions or peaks that form in mass spectrometry. Metastable ions are ions that dissociate spontaneously during flight from the ion source to the detector. They do not occur at integral m/e values and are broader and less abundant than normal peaks. Metastable ions form if dissociation occurs after the source exit. Their peaks appear at non-integral masses below the parent ion mass. Metastable peaks provide information for structure elucidation and their broadening may be due to additional kinetic energy from bond cleavage. Examples are given to show calculating the m/e values of metastable peaks.

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    Metastable Ions

    Uploaded by

    Kavya E
    345 views10 pages
    This document discusses metastable ions or peaks that form in mass spectrometry. Metastable ions are ions that dissociate spontaneously during flight from the ion source to the detector. They do not occur at integral m/e values and are broader and less abundant than normal peaks. Metastable ions form if dissociation occurs after the source exit. Their peaks appear at non-integral masses below the parent ion mass. Metastable peaks provide information for structure elucidation and their broadening may be due to additional kinetic energy from bond cleavage. Examples are given to show calculating the m/e values of metastable peaks.

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    This document discusses metastable ions or peaks that form in mass spectrometry. Metastable ions are ions that dissociate spontaneously during flight from the ion source to the detector. They do not occur at integral m/e values and are broader and less abundant than normal peaks. Metastable ions form if dissociation occurs after the source exit. Their peaks appear at non-integral masses below the parent ion mass. Metastable peaks provide information for structure elucidation and their broadening may be due to additional kinetic energy from bond cleavage. Examples are given to show calculating the m/e values of metastable peaks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    345 views10 pages

    Metastable Ions

    Uploaded by

    Kavya E
    This document discusses metastable ions or peaks that form in mass spectrometry. Metastable ions are ions that dissociate spontaneously during flight from the ion source to the detector. They do not occur at integral m/e values and are broader and less abundant than normal peaks. Metastable ions form if dissociation occurs after the source exit. Their peaks appear at non-integral masses below the parent ion mass. Metastable peaks provide information for structure elucidation and their broadening may be due to additional kinetic energy from bond cleavage. Examples are given to show calculating the m/e values of metastable peaks.

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    YUVARAJA’S COLLEGE MYSORE

    TOPIC:METASTABLE IONS OR PEAKS

    PRESENTED BY
    LAKSHMI T S
    I MSC CHEMISTRY
    YUVARAJA’S COLLEGE MYSORE
    GUIDED BY
    K B UMESH
    DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
    YUVARAJA’S COLLEGE MYSORE
    METASTABLE ION

    An ion which is formed with sufficient excitation to dissociate spontaneously during it’s
    flight from the ion source to the detector

    Some important characteristics of these peaks are:

    • They do not necessarily occur at the integral m/e values

    • These are much broader than the normal peaks

    • These are of relatively low abundance


    Formation of metastable ions:

    M₁⁺ ͢ m₁⁺
    • If the reaction M₁⁺→m₁⁺ takes place in the source, then the daughter ion , m₁⁺ may travel the whole analyser
    region and is recorded as m₁⁺ ion.

    • If the transition of M₁⁺ to m₁⁺ occurs after the source exit and before arrival at the collector, then m₁⁺
    Is called a metastable ion .

    • The m1+ ion formed in the second field free region will have less kinetic energy than it would have
    possessed if it were formed in the source

    • The metastable peak m* appears as a weak diffuse peak, usually at a non integral mass , given by

    m₁2
    m* =
    𝑀₁
    m₁=mass of daughter ion
    M₁= mass of parent ion
    Important notes

    1. For a reaction M₁⁺→m₁⁺, m* has a distance below m₁ on the mass scale. The distance is approximately
    similar to the distance that m₁ lies below M₁

    2. The relative abundance of the metastable peak is often of the order of 10-2 or less compared to the
    abundance of parent or the daughter ions in 70eV spectrum
    EXAMPLES

    1. Consider the formation of metastable peaks in the spectrum of p- amino anisol.

    The position of metastable peak can be calculated as follows:


    m₁2 108×108
    m* = 𝑀₁ = 123 =94.8
    The position of the metastable peak due to the following fragmentation in the second field free region ca also be
    determined.

    80×80
    The position of metastable peak m* = =59.2
    108
    2. Consider the mass spectrum of toluene. Two strong peaks at m/e 91 and m/e 65 are formed. The peak at m/e 91
    is due to the formation of tropylium cation which loses a molecule of acetylene (26 mass units) to give C5H5+ (m/e
    65)

    Suppose the transition of C₇H₇⁺ (91) to C5H5+ (65) occurs in the second field free region , then a metastable peak is
    formed. The position of the broad metastable peak is determined as:
    m₁2 65×65
    m* = = 𝑀₁ = = 46.4
    91
    Importance of metastable peaks
    The metastable peaks in the mass spectrum greatly contribute in structure elucidation.

    Why metastable peaks are broadened.


    The most likely reason for the broadening of the metastable peak is the possibility that some of the excitation
    energy leading to bond capture may be converted into additional kinetic energy.
    REFERENCES

    • Elementary organic spectroscopy by Y R Shrama


    • Spectroscopy of organic compounds

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