Sahil Kaushal

C
ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
INTRODUCTION
The climate of region is ulimately

determined by the radiation energy of the
sun . The long term state of atomosphere
is function of variety of interacting
elements.
They are Solar Radiation , Air Masses ,
Pressure Systems ,Ocean Currents and
Topography .
• SOLAR RADIATION
• TEMPERATURE
• WIND
• PRESSURE SYSTEM
• OCEAN CURRENT
• TOPOGRAPHY
• HUMIDITY
• PRECIPITATION
• CLOUDINESS
SOLAR RADIATION
Solar radiation is the radiation, or energy we get

from the sun. It is also known as short-wave
radiation. Solar radiation is probably the most
important element of climate.
Every location on Earth receives sunlight at least
part of the year. The amount of solar radiation
that reaches any one spot on the Earth's surface
varies according to: Geographic location, Time of
day, Season, Local landscape, Local weather .
SUN PATH
TEMPERATURE
 Temperature is a very important factor in
determining the weather, because it
influences or controls other elements of
the weather, such as precipitation,
humidity, clouds and atmospheric
pressure .
WIND
 • The horizontal movement of the
atmosphere is called wind.
 • Wind can be felt only when it is in
motion.
 • Wind is the result of the horizontal
differences in the air pressure.
 • Wind is simply the movement of air from
high pressure to low pressure.
WIND
• The speed of the wind is determined by
the difference between the high and low
pressure.
• The greater the difference the faster the
wind speed.
• As the wind speed increases air is moving
more quickly and therefore removes warm
air therefore making it seem colder than the
actual temperature.
PRESSURE SYSTEM
 •Air pressure is the weight of air resting on the earth's

surface.
 •Air has specific weight.
 •This weight exerted by the air is atmospheric
pressure.
 •It is defined as the force per unit area exerted
against a surface by the weight of air above that
surface in the Earth's atmosphere. Pressure systems
have a direct impact on the precipitation. In general,
places dominated by low pressure tend to be moist,
while those dominated by high pressure are dry.
OCEAN CURRENTS
 Ocean currents greatly affect the

temperature and precipitation of a climate.
Those climates bordering cold currents tend
to be drier as the cold ocean water helps
stabilize the air and inhibit cloud formation
and precipitation. Air traveling over cold
ocean currents lose energy to the water and
thus moderate the temperature of nearby
coastal locations.
 Air masses traveling over warm ocean
currents promote instability and
precipitation. Additionally, the warm
ocean water keeps air temperatures
somewhat warmer than locations just
inland from the coast during the winter
TOPOGRAPHY
 Topography affects climate in a variety of

ways. The orientation of mountains to the
prevailing wind affects precipitation
 Air temperatures are affected by slope and
orientation as slopes facing into the Sun will
be warmer than those facing away.
Temperature also decreases as one moves
toward higher elevations
HUMIDITY
 • Atmospheric moisture is the most
important element of the atmosphere which
modifies the air temperature.
 • Humidity is the measurable amount of
moisture in the air of the lower atmosphere.
• There are three types of humidity:-
a) Absolute humidity .
b) Relative humidity.
c) Specific humidityI
PRECIPITATION
 Precipitation is the term given to moisture
that falls from the air to the ground. •
Precipitation includes snow, hail, sleet,
drizzle, fog, mist and rain. • Precipitation
is simply any water form that falls to the
Earth from overhead cloud formations. •
As an element of weather, precipitation
determines whether outdoor activities are
suitable or if the water levels of lakes and
rivers will rise
CLOUDINESS
Clouds are suspended water in the atmosphere.
• Clouds are usually the most obvious feature
of the sky. • Clouds give us a clue about what
is going on in our atmosphere and how the
weather might change in the hours or even
days to come.
• Each type of cloud forms in a different way,

and each brings its own kind of weather. •
Clouds play multiple critical roles in the climate
system.
CLOUDINESS
Clouds are the base for precipitation. • In
summer cloudy days provide protection
from the rays of the sun.
• In winter cloudy skies at night diminish
nocturnal radiation and check the fall of
temperature.
• Clear calm winter nights are usually the
coldest and helps in condensation.

THANK YOU

Sahil Kaushal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sahil Kaushal

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sahil Kaushal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

C

The climate of region is ulimately

Solar radiation is the radiation, or energy we get

 •Air pressure is the weight of air resting on the earth's

 Ocean currents greatly affect the

 Topography affects climate in a variety of

• Each type of cloud forms in a different way,

You might also like