Garment Wash by Asifa

INTRODUCTION
TO
GARMENT WASHING
BY
ASIFA KHALID
INTRODUCTION
• With the change of time, human choice, demand,
garment design and fashion is changing very quickly.
• To meet the demand of users, garment manufacturers are
adapting new technology and processes.
• Garment wash is a new technology, which is used to
modify the outlook, appearance, comfort ability and fashion
of the garments.
INTRODUCTION
• Garment washing is normally processed after stitching.
As per fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask
for garment washing though it increases the cost of the
garment.
• For the washing they mention exactly what types of
washing they need for the order.
INTRODUCTION
•Each wash has different types of appearance on
the fabric surfaces.
•Wash types mainly depends on the product types.
For denim product heavy enzyme is required where
for knitted Tee light softener wash may be okay.
TYPES/METHODS OF GARMENT
WASHING
Primarily garment washing are of two types.
1. Wet process/Chemical process
2. Dry process/Mechanical process .

TYPES/METHODS OF GARMENT WASHING
Wet process/Chemical process Dry process/Mechanical process
Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash
Pigment wash Sand blasting
Caustic wash Hands scraping
Enzyme wash Over all wrinkles
Stone wash Permanent wrinkle
Stone enzyme wash
Broken and tagging
Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing(Dip
Dyeing) Grinding and destroy
Super white wash Laser Technology
Bleach wash PP spray and PP sponging etc.
Acid wash
Silicon wash
Soft wash
MACHINES USED IN WASHING PLANT
MACHINES USED IN WASHING PLANT
DENIM
Denim is a sturdy cotton twill textile in which
the weft passes under two or more warp threads.
This twill weaving produces the familiar
diagonal ribbing of the denim that distinguishes
it from cotton duck.
DENIM
It is a characteristic of any indigo denim that only the warp
threads are dyed, whereas the weft threads remain plain white.
As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the
textile then shows the blue warp threads and the other side
shows the white weft threads. This is why blue jeans are white
on the inside. This type of dyeing also creates denim's fading
characteristics, which are unique compared to every other textile.
HISTORY
The word "denim" comes from the name of a fabric that was first made
in the city of Nîmes, France, by the André family. It was originally
called serge de Nîmes but the name was soon shortened to “Denim."
Denim has been used in the United States since the late 18th century.
Denim was traditionally colored blue with indigo dye to make blue jeans,
although "jean" formerly denoted a different, lighter, cotton fabric. The
contemporary use of the word "jean" comes from the French word for
Genoa, Italy (Gênes), where the first denim trousers were made.
DENIM WEIGHT
• First, the numbers you see on a label refer to the weight of a
square yard of the fabric being used, which directly translates to
how heavy, durable, and comfortable the jeans will be over time.
• Lightweight denim is anything from 10 to 13 ounces, medium-
weight is 14 to 18 ounces, and heavyweight is 19 ounces and up.
DENIM WEIGHT
• A 20 oz denim is not going to bend and move for most garment
uses.
• A 5 oz denim is not going to provide heavy denim jeans or

jackets, however it will make wonderful shirts, skirts and dresses
that will drape well.
• Denim runs from 5 to 20 oz and that the less the weight, the
fabric will be lighter and softer.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DENIM FABRIC
• It is for long wearing.
• It is hard wearing.
• It is very strong and durable.
• It resists snags and tears
• It creases easily.
DENIM WASHING
Denim washing is known as one of the finishing
treatment that has vast usage because of creating
special appearance and updating clothes
There are different methods of denim washing some
of them are…..
TYPES OF DENIM WASHES
1. Wet / Chemical washes
- Denim bleaching
- Enzyme wash
- Acid wash
2. Dry / Mechanical washes
- Stone wash
- Micro sanding 17
CHEMICAL WASHES DENIM BLEACH
Strong oxidative bleaching agent such as
sodium hypochlorite or potassium
permanganate.
Bleaching methods
Bleaching effect
LIMITATIONS
Process is difficult to control
Problem of yellowing
Required antichlor treatment
Causes corrosion
Harmful to human health
Source of environmental pollution

ENZYME WASH
Application of organic enzymes
Easy to stop the action of enzymes
Environment friendly wash

LIMITATIONS
Garment load size of the machine is limited.
Post treatment required.
More advantages than disadvantages
•Soft handle •Less damage to seams

•More reproducible results •Less wear & tear of machinery
•Increased luster •Applicable to cotton and its
•Less corrosive blends
ACID WASH
Pumice stones presoaked in a
solution of sodium hypochlorite
or potassium permanganate.
Non-uniform contrast.
LIMITATIONS
Yellowing; residual manganese
Remedy:
Using ethelene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid

as chelating agent.
MECHANICAL WASHES STONE WASH
Tumbled with pumice stones
Variations in composition, hardness, size, shape
and porosity make these stones multifunctional.
SELECTION OF STONE
According to the end product & effect required.
Large, hard stones last longer and may be suited for
heavy weight fabrics only.
Smaller, softer stones would be used for light weight

fabrics and more delicate items.
LIMITATIONS
Outcome of a load of jeans is never uniform.
Damage to wash machineries and garment due
to stone to machine abrasion.
Increase in labor to remove stone particles from

finished garments.
Water pollution during disposal of used liquor.

MICROSANDING
There are 3 ways for this technique:
Sandblasting
Machine sanding
Hand sanding or hand brushing

SAND BLASTING
This technique is based on blasting an
abrasive material (mostly sand) in
granular, powdered or other form
through a nozzle.
It is purely mechanical process.
It is a water free process.
Variety of distressed or abraded looks

possible.
MACHINE SANDING
In this fabric treatment process, a series
of cylindrical rolls in a horizontal
arrangement, either wrapped with an
abrasive paper or chemically coated with
an abrasive.
HAND SANDING OR HAND BRUSHING
Use of sandpaper to
abrade surface.
Variety of looks and

designs can be created.
WHISKERING
Also known as Cat's Whiskers.
Crease lines around the crotch.
Knee whiskers.
Honeycombs.
Industrially done using different
techniques.
LASER ENGRAVING
Uses a beam of light
that burns away the
indigo dye to produce a
worn look.
Design can be placed

anywhere on the jean
LASER ENGRAVING
Different degrees of
degradation
Less air contamination
Less wear & tear
Much faster
THANK YOU

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INTRODUCTION

1. Wet process/Chemical process

2. Dry process/Mechanical process .

• A 5 oz denim is not going to provide heavy denim jeans or

• It is for long wearing.

• It is very strong and durable.

• It resists snags and tears

2. Dry / Mechanical washes

Required antichlor treatment

Harmful to human health

Source of environmental pollution

Environment friendly wash

Post treatment required.

More advantages than disadvantages

•Soft handle •Less damage to seams

Using ethelene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid

Smaller, softer stones would be used for light weight

Increase in labor to remove stone particles from

Water pollution during disposal of used liquor.

Hand sanding or hand brushing

It is a water free process.

Variety of distressed or abraded looks

Variety of looks and

Crease lines around the crotch.

Design can be placed

Less wear & tear

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