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    Chapter 8: Oxygen Demand

    Uploaded by

    Allen
    The document discusses different methods of measuring oxygen demand and pollutants in water, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). It also covers measuring total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and volatile suspended solids to assess water quality. The BOD test uses bacteria to catalyze waste oxidation over time and measure dissolved oxygen changes to determine pollutant load. COD chemically measures the amount of oxidizing agent consumed to break down pollutants.

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    Chapter 8: Oxygen Demand

    Uploaded by

    Allen
    165 views12 pages
    The document discusses different methods of measuring oxygen demand and pollutants in water, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). It also covers measuring total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and volatile suspended solids to assess water quality. The BOD test uses bacteria to catalyze waste oxidation over time and measure dissolved oxygen changes to determine pollutant load. COD chemically measures the amount of oxidizing agent consumed to break down pollutants.

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    O2 demand

    Original Title

    Oxygen Demand

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    The document discusses different methods of measuring oxygen demand and pollutants in water, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). It also covers measuring total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and volatile suspended solids to assess water quality. The BOD test uses bacteria to catalyze waste oxidation over time and measure dissolved oxygen changes to determine pollutant load. COD chemically measures the amount of oxidizing agent consumed to break down pollutants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    165 views12 pages

    Chapter 8: Oxygen Demand

    Uploaded by

    Allen
    The document discusses different methods of measuring oxygen demand and pollutants in water, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). It also covers measuring total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and volatile suspended solids to assess water quality. The BOD test uses bacteria to catalyze waste oxidation over time and measure dissolved oxygen changes to determine pollutant load. COD chemically measures the amount of oxidizing agent consumed to break down pollutants.

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    Chapter 8: Oxygen Demand

    • It is a measure of the amount of “reduced” organic


    and inorganic matter in a water
    • Relates to oxygen consumption in a river or lake
    as a result of a pollution discharge
    • Measured in several ways
    – BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
    – COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
    – ThOD - Theoretical Oxygen Demand
    Theoretical Oxygen Demand
    C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

    Oxygen Demand

    6moles*32g/mole Oxygen/1mole*180g/mole
    = 1.06 O2 / Glucose

    If glucose concentration is 360 mg/L THOD is

    1.06 * 360 mg/L = 384 mg/L Oxygen


    BOD: A Bioassay

    Briefly, the BOD test employs a


    bacterial seed to catalyze the
    oxidation of 300 mL of full-strength or
    diluted wastewater. The strength of
    the un-diluted wastewater is then
    determined from the dilution factor
    and the difference between the initial
    D.O. and the final D.O.
    BOD
    BODt  DOi  DOf Bottle
    BOD with Dilution
    When BOD>8mg/L

    DO i - DO f
    BOD t =
     Vs 
     
     Vb 

    Where
    BODt = biochemical oxygen demand at t days, [mg/L]
    DOi = initial dissolved oxygen in the sample bottle,
    [mg/L]
    DOf = final dissolved oxygen in the sample bottle, [mg/L]
    Vb = sample bottle volume, usually 300 or 250 mL, [mL]
    Vs = sample volume, [mL]
    BOD - loss of biodegradable
    organic matter (oxygen demand)
    Lo
    L or BOD remaining

    Lt Lo-Lt = BODt

    Time

    BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD


    Bottle Bottle Bottle Bottle Bottle
    BOD
    y
    NBOD
    or

    BOD
    (mg/L) CBOD

    Time
    L=oxidizable carbonaceous material remaining to be oxidized

    BODt  yt  Lo  Lt
    BOD Modeling
    "L" is modelled as a simple 1st order decay: dL
      k1 L
    dt
    Which leads to:  k1t
    L  Lo e

    And combining with: BODt  yt  Lo  Lt

    We get: BODt  yt  Lo (1  e  k1t )


    NBOD Nitrogeneous BOD (NBOD)

    NH3  15  NO2  H2 O  H 
    . O2 
    Nitrosomonas

    1 
    NO  O2  NO3
    Nitrobacter
    2
    2
    2 moles oxygen/1 mole of ammonia
    4.57 grams oxygen/gram ammonia-nitrogen

    Inorganic NH3, NO3- NO2-


    Organic Proteins, Amino acids

    TKN = Ammonia-N + Organic Nitrogen


    COD: A chemical test
    The chemical oxygen demand
    (COD) of a waste is measured in
    terms of the amount of potassium
    dichromate (K2Cr2O7) reduced by the
    sample during 2 hr of reflux in a
    medium of boiling, 50% H2SO4 and in
    the presence of a Ag2SO4 catalyst.
    Solids: significance

    • TDS: used as a measure of inorganic salt


    content in drinking waters and natural
    waters
    • TSS: used to assess clarifier performance
    • VSS: used to estimate bacterial populations
    in wastewater treatment systems
    Solids Analysis
    TS Total Solids

    Filtration
    filtrate retained matter

    TDS Total Dissolved Solids

    TSS Total Suspended Solids

    ignition

    FSS Fixed S.S.

    VSS Volatile S.S.


    Filtration for Solids Analysis
    2. Pour
    1. Weigh new Sample
    filter and insert

    5. Measure
    Change in
    Weight 3. Start
    suction pump
    4. Remove filter
    and re-weigh

    6. Divide this by the


    Volume filtered and you get TSS Suction Flask & Filter Holder

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