EPANET

 Stands for Environmental Protection Agency Network
 EPANET is a public domain, water distribution system modeling software.

 Developed by the Water Supply and Water Resources Division of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
Analyzing Water Distribution Networks. This mainly means
 Determination of the flow in each link

 Determination of pressure head at each node(pipe junctions)
 Additional outcome includes the simulation of Additional
outcome includes the simulation of chlorine concentration in
each link and at each node
EPANET is a computer program that performs
extended period simulation of hydraulic and water
quality behavior within pressurized pipe networks.
A network consists of
 Pipes (links)
 Nodes (pipe junctions)
 Pumps,
 Valves
 Storage tanks or reservoirs.
Extended Period Simulation: The Extended Period
Simulation (EPS) feature allows the user to make changes to
the status of control elements (on/off) and pipes
(open/closed) based on the pressure or water levels at
What Is EPANET
EPANET provides an integrated environment
 for editing network input data
 Running hydraulic and water quality simulations
Hydraulic simulations
 Tracks water flow in each pipe,
 pressure at each node
 height of water in each tank,
 Flow of water in each pipe
 Friction head loss in each pipe
Water Quality Simulation

 Concentration of a chemical species throughout the network
 water age
 source tracing can also be simulated.
viewing the results in a variety of formats.
 color-coded network maps,
 data tables,
 time series graphs
 contour plots.
time series graphs
color-coded network map
Data tables
EPANET contains a state-of-the-art hydraulic analysis engine that includes the following capabilities:
 No limit on the size of network that can be modeled
 Computes friction head loss using either Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, or Chezy Manning
equations
 Includes minor head losses for bends, fittings, etc.
 Models constant or variable speed pumps
 Computes pumping energy and cost
 Models various types of valves including shutoff, check, pressure regulating, and flow control valves
 Allows storage tanks to have any shape (i.e., diameter can vary with height)
 Considers multiple demand categories at nodes, each with its own pattern of time variation
 Models pressure-dependent flow issuing from emitters (sprinkler heads)
In addition to hydraulic modeling, EPANET provides the
following water quality modeling capabilities:
 Blending water from different sources
 Age of water in the system
 Loss of chlorine residuals
 Tracking contaminants propagation
 Growth of disinfection by products
EPANET models a water distribution
system as a collection of links connected Tanks
to nodes
Nodes Junctions
Reservoir
Network s
Pipes
Links Pumps
Valves
This figure illustrates how physical objects can be
connected to one another to form a network
 Junctions:
Junctions are points in the network where
links join together and where water enters or
leaves the network.
The basic input data required for junctions are:

 Elevation above some reference (usually
mean sea level)
 Water demand (rate of withdrawal from
the network) · Physical Components in a Water Distribution Syste
 Initial water quality
The output results computed for junctions at all time
periods of a simulation are: ·
 Hydraulic head (internal energy per unit weight of
fluid)
 Pressure
 Water quality
Junctions can also: ·
 have their demand vary with time
 have multiple categories of demands assigned to them
 have negative demands indicating that water is
entering the network
Junction Properties
Reservoirs:
Reservoirs are nodes that represent an infinite external
source or sink of water to the network. They are used
to model such things as lakes, rivers, groundwater
aquifers.
Reservoirs can also serve as water quality source
points.
The primary input properties for a reservoir are its

 Hydraulic head (equal to the water surface elevation
if the reservoir is not under pressure)
initiala quality
Because reservoir for
is a water
boundaryquality
point toanalysis.
a network, its head and water
quality cannot be affected by what happens within the network.
Reservoir Properties
Tanks:
Tanks are nodes with storage capacity, where the
volume of stored water can vary with time during a
simulation.
The primary input properties for tanks are: ·

 bottom elevation (where water level is zero)
·
 Diameter (or shape if non-cylindrical ) ·
Initial, minimum
The principal and maximum
outputs computed waterare:
over time levels
· ·
Initial water
 Hydraulic quality.
head (water surface elevation)
 Water quality.
Tanks are required to operate within their minimum and maximum levels. EPANET stops outflow if
a tank is at its minimum level and stops inflow if it is at its maximum level. Tanks can also serve
as water quality source points.
Tank Properties
Pipes:
o Pipes are links that convey water from one point in the network to
another.
o EPANET assumes that all pipes are full at all times.
o Flow direction is from the end at higher hydraulic head (internal
energy per weight of water) to that at lower head.
The principal hydraulic input parameters for pipes are:

 Start and end nodes ·
 Diameter
 length
 Roughness coefficient (for determining head loss)
 Status (open, closed, or contains a check valve)
Computed outputs for pipes include:
 Flow rate
 Velocity
 Head loss
 friction factor
 Average reaction rate (over the pipe length)
 Average water quality (over the pipe length)
Pipe Properties
Valves:
Valves are links that limit the pressure or flow
at a specific point in the network.
Their principal input parameters include:

 Start and end nodes
 Diameter
 Setting
 Status
The computed outputs for a valve are

 Flow rate and
 Head loss
The hydraulic head lost by water flowing in a pipe due to friction with the pipe wall can be computed using one of three
different formulas:
I. Hazen-Williams formula
II. Darcy-Weisbach formula
III. Chezy-Manning formula
 The Hazen-Williams formula is the most commonly used head loss formula in the US. It
cannot be used for liquids other than water and was originally developed for turbulent
flow only.
 The Darcy-Weisbach formula is the most theoretically correct. It applies over all flow
regimes and to all liquids.
 The Chezy-Manning formula used to model pressurized flow by using Chezy's

roughness coefficients for Manning's equation
Pumps:
Pumps are links that impart energy to a fluid
thereby raising its hydraulic head.
The principal input parameters for a pump are

its
 Start node
 End node
 Pump curve
The principal output parameters are
 flow
Pump Curve
 head gain
You can address the
variability in demands
through multipliers of the
“Base Demand Base
Demand ” at each node
This is called in EPANET

Time Pattern
TIME SERIES
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 Stands for Environmental Protection Agency Network

 EPANET is a public domain, water distribution system modeling software.

 Determination of the flow in each link

Water Quality Simulation

color-coded network map

The basic input data required for junctions are:

The primary input properties for a reservoir are its

The primary input properties for tanks are: ·

The principal hydraulic input parameters for pipes are:

Their principal input parameters include:

The computed outputs for a valve are

 The Chezy-Manning formula used to model pressurized flow by using Chezy's

The principal input parameters for a pump are

This is called in EPANET

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