Presentation 2008

c

c
÷ ÷÷

c
@

@
O The hospital is
serving the people
of Islamabad since
1993.
O It comprises of
many different
departments with
highly efficient
medical equipment
and facility.
@

@
O The Hospital is equipped to diagnose and treat Medical

Surgical,, Orthopedics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics
Surgical
and Psychiatry patients including:
O Cardiology
O Urology
O Radiology
O Pulmonology
O Gastroenterology
O Intensive care unit
O Coronary care unit
O Operation theatres
O Clinical laboratory
O Dentistry
O Neurology
OBJECTIVE
HLM
OPEN HEART
SURGERY
ABOUT
PARTS WORKING RISKS
HLM

Î
@
O The term "open" refers to the

chest, not the heart itself.
The heart may or may not be
opened, depending on the
type of surgery.
O It is a such type of surgery in

which the HLM is used to
support the patients
circulation while the surgeons
opens and makes changes to
heart.

O A heart-
heart-lung machine allows
the surgeon to carefully stop
the heart while still
maintaining blood circulation.
O Treatment provides removal

of carbon dioxide from the
blood, oxygen delivery to the
blood, blood flow to the
body, and/or temperature
maintenance.

The heart lung machine
consist of following
parts:
O PUMPS
O RESERVOIR
O OXYGENATOR
O TEMPERATURE SENSOR
O HEATER/COOLER
O BUBBLE DETECTOR
O FILTER

PUMPS in HLM:
O There are total 5 pumps are used in HLM,
but at a time only 2 pumps are used.
O Suction pump
O Fluid pump
O The design of pump which is in most

common use today is the roller pump.
O A simple rotating arm carrying rollers.
O Speed of rotation of the roller-

roller-bearing arm
is controlled to allow a pumping rate similar
to that of the normal heart at rest i.e. about
or typically about 5 liters/min in an adult

RESERVOIR:
O A reservoir collects blood drained from the venous
circulation. Tubing connects the venous cannulae
to the reservoir.
OXYGENATOR:
O This component is designed to expose the blood to
oxygen.
O As the blood passes through the artificial lung,

Oxygen gas is delivered to the interface between
the blood and the device, permitting the blood
cells to absorb oxygen molecules directly.

HEATER/COOLER:
O The HLM contains a heat-
heat-exchanger in which
blood exchanges heat with water. In this stage
the patient is cooled by adjusting the water
temperature.
O The main cardiac surgical procedure takes place
and the body is kept at a constant low
temperature. The temperature depends on the
30°C but
surgical intervention and can be near 30°
also as low as 16- 18°C.
16-18°
TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
O It tells about the temperature of the circulating
blood and is connected with the HLM.

BUBBLE DETECTOR:
O It detects if there any bubble is produced
during the whole procedure in the HLM.
FILTER:
O The blood will then pass through a filter
that is coated with an antifoam solution,
which helps to remove fine bubbles. From
here blood enters to rest of the body.
Î
O Use of heparin,
heparin, which is a powerful
anticoagulant.
O To reverse the effects of the heparin given, the

patient will be administered another medication
called protamine.
protamine.
O solution is delivered to the heart,

resulting in cardiac arrest (heart stoppage).
O It requires two hook-

hook-ups for cannulation.
cannulation.
O A roller pump sucks blood from the atrium and

sends to the reservoir.
Î
O A reservoir collects
blood drained from
the venous
circulation..
circulation
O The blood then moves

to the oxygenator.
oxygenator.
Oxygen and carbon
dioxide are
exchanged across the
boundary layer of the
blood that separates
the blood from the
ventilation gasses and
the blood is
oxygenated..
oxygenated
Î
O The blood then enters to the heat exchanger

which maintains the blood temperature.
O When blood is ready to be returned from the

heart--lung machine to the patient, the arterial line
heart
filter will be encountered.
O Another pump pushes blood from the filter to the

aorta to flow in the body.
O After the surgery is complete, heart is restarted

using mild electric shocks.
POTENTIAL RISKS OF
HEART LUNG MACHINE
The major risks associated with the heart-
heart-lung machine
include:
O 2 :: These may form as the machine processes blood

and in extreme cases may cause stroke, heart attack or kidney
failure upon return to the bodyƞs bloodstream.
O The machine can also trigger an

that can
that
damage many of the bodyƞs systems and organs.
O
CONCLUSION
O Those risks push todayƞs biomedical engineers not

merely to improve the heart-
heart-lung machine, but to
develop advances that would eliminate the need
for the machine altogether.

Presentation 2008

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation 2008

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation 2008

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

c 

O The Hospital is equipped to diagnose and treat Medical

O The term "open" refers to the

O It is a such type of surgery in

O Treatment provides removal

O The design of pump which is in most

O A simple rotating arm carrying rollers.

O Speed of rotation of the roller-

O As the blood passes through the artificial lung,

O To reverse the effects of the heparin given, the

O   solution is delivered to the heart,

O It requires two hook-

O A roller pump sucks blood from the atrium and

O The blood then moves

O The blood then enters to the heat exchanger

O When blood is ready to be returned from the

O Another pump pushes blood from the filter to the

O After the surgery is complete, heart is restarted

O 2  :: These may form as the machine processes blood

O The machine can also trigger an

O Those risks push todayƞs biomedical engineers not

You might also like

c

O solution is delivered to the heart,

O 2 :: These may form as the machine processes blood