People's Small-Scale Mining Act of 1991

RA 7076
People's Small-Scale
Mining Act of 1991
Purpose
-to promote, develop, protect
and rationalize viable small-
scale mining activities in
order to generate more
employment opportunities
and provide an equitable
sharing of the nation's wealth
and natural resources, giving
due regard to existing rights
as herein provided.
2
Definition of Terms
"Mineralized areas" refer to

areas with naturally occurring
mineral deposits of gold, silver,
chromite, kaolin, silica, marble,
gravel, clay and like mineral
resources;
3
Definition of Terms
"Small-scale mining"
refers to mining activities
which rely heavily on
manual labor using simple
implement and methods
and do not use explosives
or heavy mining equipment
4
Definition of Terms
"Small-scale miners" refer to Filipino citizens

who, individually or in the company of other
Filipino citizens, voluntarily form a cooperative
duly licensed by the DENR to engage, under the
terms and conditions of a contract, in the
extraction or removal of minerals or ore-bearing
materials from the ground
5
Definition of Terms
"Active mining area" refers to

areas under actual exploration,
development, exploitation or
commercial production as
determined by the Secretary after
the necessary field investigation or
verification including contiguous
and geologically related areas
belonging to the same claimowner
and/or under contract with an
operator, but in no case to exceed
the maximum area allowed by law;
6
Definition of Terms
Small-scale mining contract" refers to co-

production, joint venture or mineral production
sharing agreement between the State and a small-
scale mining contractor for the small-scale
utilization of a plot of mineral land;
7
Definition of Terms
"Small-scale mining contractor" refers to an

individual or a cooperative of small-scale miners,
registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission or other appropriate government
agency, which has entered into an agreement with
the State for the small-scale utilization of a plot of
mineral land within a people's small-scale mining
area;
8
People’s Small-Scale
Mining Program
9
People's Small-scale Mining Program
Implemented by the Secretary of the

DENR in coordination with other
concerned government agencies,
designed to achieve an orderly,
systematic and rational scheme for
the small-scale development and
utilization of mineral resources in
certain mineral areas in order to
address the social, economic,
technical, and environmental
connected with small-scale mining
activities.
10
People's Small-scale Mining Program
(a) The identification, segregation and reservation of certain mineral lands as

people's small-scale mining areas;
(b) The recognition of prior existing rights and productivity;
(c) The encouragement of the formation of cooperatives;
(d) The extension of technical and financial assistance, and other social services;
(e) The extension of assistance in processing and marketing;
(f) The generation of ancillary livelihood activities;
(g) The regulation of the small-scale mining industry with the view to encourage
growth and productivity; and
(h) The efficient collection of government revenue.
11
People's Small Scale Mining Areas:
◆ Public lands not subject to any existing right;

◆ Public lands covered by existing mining rights which are not
active mining areas; and
◆ Private lands, subject to certain rights and conditions, except
those with substantial improvements or in bona fide and
regular use as a yard, stockyard, garden, plant nursery,
plantation, cemetery or burial site, or land situated within
one hundred meters (100 m.) from such cemetery or burial
site, water reservoir or a separate parcel of land with an area
of ten thousand square meters (10,000 sq. m.) or less.
12
Ancestral Lands
◆ No ancestral land may be declared as a people's

small-scale mining area without the prior consent
of the cultural communities concerned: provided,
that, if ancestral lands are declared as people's
small-scale mining areas, the members of the
cultural communities therein shall be given priority
in the awarding of small-scale mining contracts.
13
Registration of Small-scale Miners
◆ All persons undertaking

small-scale mining
activities shall register as
miners with the Board and
may organize themselves
into cooperatives in order to
qualify for the awarding of a
people's small-scale mining
contract.
14
Award of People's Small-scale Mining Contracts
◆ to small-scale miners who have voluntarily

organized and have duly registered with the
appropriate government agency as an individual
miner or cooperative;
◆ Provided, that only one (1) people's small-scale
mining contract may be awarded at any one time
to a small-scale mining operations within one (1)
year from the date of award:
◆ provided, further, that priority shall be given or city
where the small-scale mining area is located.
15
Extent of Contract Area
The Board shall determine the reasonable size and shape of the
contract area following the meridional block system established but
in no case shall the area exceed twenty hectares (20 has.) per
contractor and the depth or length of the tunnel or adit not
exceeding that recommended by the director:
◆ Size of membership and capitalization of the cooperative;
◆ Size of mineralized area;
◆ Quantity of mineral deposits;
◆ (d) Safety of miners;
◆ (e) Environmental impact and other considerations; and
◆ (f) Other related circumstances.
16
Rights Under a People's Small-scale Mining Contract
◆ A people's small-scale mining contract entitles

the small-scale mining contractor to the right
to mine, extract and dispose of mineral ores
for commercial purposes. In no case shall a
small-scale mining contract be subcontracted,
assigned or otherwise transferred.
17
Terms and Conditions of the Contract
-two (2) years, renewable

subject to verification by the
Board for like periods as long
as the contractor complies
with the provisions set forth
in this Act, and confers upon
the contractor the right to
mine within the contract
area:
18
Rights of Claimowners
In case a site declared as a people's-scale mining

area is covered by an existing mining right, the
claimowner and the small-scale miners therein
are encouraged to enter into a voluntary and
acceptable contractual agreement with respect
to the small-scale utilization of the mineral values
from the area under claim
19
In case of disagreement, the claimowner shall be
entitled to the following rights and privileges:
◆ Exemption from the performance of annual work obligations and
payment of occupation fees, rental, and real property taxes;
◆ Subject to the approval of the Board, free access to the contract area
to conduct metallurgical tests, explorations and other activities,
provided such activities do not unduly interfere with the operations
of the small-scale miners; and
◆ Royalty equivalent to one and one half percent (1 1/2%) of the gross
value of the metallic mineral output or one percent (1%) of the gross
value of the nonmetallic mineral output to be paid to the claimowner:
provided, that such rights and privileges shall be available only if he
is not delinquent and other performance of his annual work
obligations and other requirements for the last two (2) years prior to
the effectivity of this Act.
20
Rights of Private Landowners
◆ The private landowner or lawful possessor shall

be notified of any plan or petition to declare his
land as a people's small-scale mining area. Said
landowner may oppose such plan or petition in
an appropriate proceeding and hearing
conducted before the Board.
21
Sale of Gold
All gold produced by small-

scale miners in any mineral
area shall be sold to the
Central Bank, or its duly
authorized representatives,
which shall buy it at prices
competitive with those
prevailing in the world market
regardless of volume or
weight.
22
Reversion of People's Small-scale Mining Areas
The Secretary, upon recommendation of the

director, shall withdraw the status of the people's
small-scale mining area when it can no longer
feasibly operated on a small-scale mining basis or
when the safety, health and environmental
conditions warrant that the same shall revert to
the State for proper disposition.
23
Actual Occupation by Small-scale Miners
◆ Small-scale miners who have been in actual

operation of mineral lands on or before August
1, 1987 as determined by the Board shall not be
dispossessed, ejected or removed from said
areas: provided, that they comply with the
provisions of this Act.
24
Penal Sanctions
◆ Violations of the provisions of this Act or of the

rules and regulations issued pursuant hereto
shall be penalized with imprisonment of not
less than six (6) months nor more than six (6)
years and shall include the confiscation and
seizure of equipment, tools and instruments.
25
Thank You!
26

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RA 7076

"Mineralized areas" refer to

"Small-scale miners" refer to Filipino citizens

"Active mining area" refers to

Small-scale mining contract" refers to co-

"Small-scale mining contractor" refers to an

Implemented by the Secretary of the

(a) The identification, segregation and reservation of certain mineral lands as

◆ Public lands not subject to any existing right;

◆ No ancestral land may be declared as a people's

◆ All persons undertaking

◆ to small-scale miners who have voluntarily

◆ A people's small-scale mining contract entitles

-two (2) years, renewable

In case a site declared as a people's-scale mining

◆ The private landowner or lawful possessor shall

All gold produced by small-

The Secretary, upon recommendation of the

◆ Small-scale miners who have been in actual

◆ Violations of the provisions of this Act or of the

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