5G and EME

Assessment and impact of Electromagnetic

Energy associated with 5G
ACMA RadComms
30 October 2018

Mike Wood
Principal - Telstra EME Strategy, Standards & Risk Management
Chairman - AMTA EME H&S Committee
Chairman - International Electrotechnical Commission TC106
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Presentation Overview

What is 5G?

How does 5G work?

Standards - for 5G & EME

EME Exposure – what it means for 5G

Telstra’s 5G Trial – EME assessment

Observations and Conclusions

Responsible framework for 5G & EME

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What is 5G?
5G is the 5th generation of mobile networks

Extreme speeds - Gbps

High Capacity – 10x
Low Latency – 1ms

Analogue Digital Multimedia Mobile Broadband Mobile Connected World

SMS Video Calling Enhanced Video Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Mobile internet
Low latency applications
Internet of Things
Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR & VR)
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How does 5G work?
• 5G works together with 4G
(initially non standalone NSA)
• 4G acts as control plane
• 5G acts as data/user plane
• 5G will operate stand alone in
later releases
5G
5G

4G
4G
5G - 3.5GHz 5G – mmWave 27GHz
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 How does 5G work – network architecture
Radio Access Network - small cells, towers, masts
dedicated in-building and home systems that connect
mobile users and wireless devices to the core network

Core Network - mobile exchange and data network,

manages mobile voice, data and internet connections.
Redesigned to integrate with the internet and cloud
based services, distributed servers across the network.

Network Slicing – smart way to segment network

for separate applications – e.g. emergency services

5G network architecture - illustrating 5G and 4G working together, with central

and local servers providing faster content to users and low latency applications
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5G Technology - Beamforming
• Dedicated radio signal towards the user
A 4G signal is typically spread across a wide area

• Enabled by Massive MIMO technology

• Identifies most efficient signal path

• Improves connection reliability

• Reduces interference (unwanted signals)

• Efficient use of spectrum and power

• Allows more simultaneous data streams

Key Point – Beamforming is more efficient

and reduces average RF exposure levels
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5G Technology – Beamforming live example

Beamforming - Example from Telstra’s 5G Trial in Melbourne 2016

green dots show active beams connected to 5G Van driving in carpark
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 5G & EME Standards – challenges & progress

 Globally harmonised EMF exposure limits

 Revised ICNIRP, IEEE, FCC exposure guidelines are critical
especially for 5G devices >6/10GHz
 Development and implementation of new network and device
testing procedures to meet 5G technology evolution
Devices Networks
- mmWave - mmWave
- Complex devices - Complex antennas
- Far field – E or H is measured - Near field and far field
- Near field - E&H field, Phase, field reconstruction - MIMO & beam steering
- Multiple tx, beam steering & varied shapes - Power averaging for true EMF level
- Advanced modelling techniques - Advanced modelling techniques

Challenge – IEC TC106 has responsibility to develop assessment standards

for 5G devices and networks to 100GHz (by 2018) 8
 New 5G Exposure Assessment Standards - IEC

 IEC Strategic Business Plan - prepare for 5G

 Ensure Standards and Technical Reports are developed
- Trials & early deployments in 2018 – 2019, Commercial Launch 2019 - 2020

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 5G Device Test systems – power density measurements

During development of the IEC 5G Technical Report in 2017, test

laboratories initiated development of 5G mmWave device test systems

Nearfield
probe

Device under test Waveguide probe

placed here

Art-Fi mmWave guide probe development APREL mmWave probe development

IT’IS EUmmW Poynting vector probe 10
 5G Macro Cell Assessment using IEC 62232

5G Base Station Antenna

Field Measurements

Modelling actual power due to beam steering

Measurements of 5G in Australia using IEC 62232

Locating beam and observing level variation 11
Lab Measurements
 5G Macro Cell Assessment using IEC 62232

Without 5G 5G Base Station Antenna

18.67m Field Measurements

With 5G
modelled at 100 Watts
(50% theoretical Max

23.57m
Note – actual EME exposure will be significantly less that theoretical
maximumLab Measurements
as 5G with MIMO & beam steering greatly increases efficiency 12
5G & EME – what it means for RF exposure
Key Points
1. 5G uses radio frequency like existing mobile technologies and many other radio services e.g.
TV, FM, emergency and commercial radio services, microwave links & satellite
2. Significant evolution of 4G technology – greater efficiency
3. Typical EMF levels from all networks (3G, 4G, 5G) and devices in everyday use will remain low

5G Devices 5G Networks
 Must comply with safety standards  Very efficient - EMF levels in public areas will be well
 very efficient & low levels of EMF below safety standards - many more connections
 Environmental EMF levels may increase slightly (near
to sites) with the addition of 5G networks
 EMF Compliance zone evaluation – actual EMF levels
under investigation with results to date showing
levels well below theoretical maximum
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Testing 5G Radio Frequency Exposure

Telstra Exchange

Telstra Exchange

Telstra 5G Innovation Centre - Southport Exchange

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5G Outdoor EME measurements
pizza shop 44 m radio tower

carpark 5G - 27 GHz antennas

5G sector bearings Southport

exchange

Pizza Shop
https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-27.974846,153.3818768,14z

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5G Indoor EME measurements
5G 27GHz
Indoor Antenna
5G Device
5G Device

5G eSports
Demonstration

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 Environmental EME levels - indoor
ARPANSA / ICNIRP public limit

Near (~0.45 m)
Walkie Talkie

~0.3 m from 5G user

5G equipment (UE)
4G inc laptop
baby monitor 5G levels inside

IBC IBC

 Measurements at different positions

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Environmental EME levels - outdoor
ARPANSA / ICNIRP public limit

Sum of car mounted 5G UE +

BS @ 0.3 m from car, carpark
5G
Sum of car mounted 5G UE +
BS @ 1.5 m from car, carpark

Towards BS, carpark

Towards BS, pizza shop

 Measurements at different positions

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5G & EME - Observations & Conclusions
 Overall EMF Levels
All mobile technologies including 5G significantly below ARPANSA RPS3 / ICNIRP limits

 What does 5G add?

Indoor & Small cells – similar EMF to current technology (more data/ more users)
Outdoors Macro cells – predict similar EMF to current macro technology (more data/ more users)

 5G is more efficient – more data/users for same power. (Will replace older technology)

 Many more devices – no significant increase in environmental/background EMF

- devices will have increased efficiency
- devices will comply with EMF limits
- EMF levels from devices decrease very rapidly with distance
- many devices have intermittent transmission (low EMF)

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5G & EME – Next Steps
 Validate 5G EME assessment methods using actual power
 EME Site Assessments
Update RFNSA database with 5G site designs

 Environmental EME Reports

 Site Compliance Certificate
 Community and Stakeholder Information

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5G & EME - Responsible Global Framework
1. Harmonised EMF Standards
- adoption of International EMF Exposure Limits
- adoption of International EMF Exposure Assessment Methods
- implementation of realistic exposure assessments

2. Responsible Network Deployment

- spectrum allocation for 5G
- government policy supporting efficient network rollout
- responsible and efficient network design & deployment

3. Stakeholder Engagement ITU Smart City Guide

- provision of EMF information to governments and stakeholders
- compliance information
- open information to communities and citizens

21 5G Explained ITU EMF Guide GSMA 5G EMF

Thank you

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