Road Materials: Reporter: Shiela Mae T. Ranoco Ariel Umek Christian Jay Salutan

ROAD MATERIALS
Reporter:
Shiela Mae T. Ranoco
Ariel Umek
Christian Jay Salutan
AGGREGATES
In building and construction,
material used for mixing with
cement, bitumen, lime and other
adhesive to form concrete or mortar.
TWO CLASSIFICATION OF
AGGREGATES
Fine Aggregates
Consist of sand, crushed stones or crushed slags.
Coarse Aggregate
Consist of gravel(pebbles)fragments of broken
stone, slag and other coarse substances.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
AGGREGATES
 Granite Aggregates
It comes in a variety of shades, like grey, red and pink.
 Limestone Aggregates
This type of aggregate is on of the most commonly used in
railroad construction and reinforced concrete aside from
granite and gravel.
 Gravel/Ballast Aggregates
Are sourced by sifting quarried rock.
AGGREGATES, IN ORDER TO BE
CLASSIFIED AS GOOD QUALITY,
MUST UNDERGO VARIOUS TEST
SUCH AS:
Test for Strength
The criterion for aggregate strength test is the Los Angeles Rattler
Test(AASHTO T-96).
Test for Soundness

Refers to the resistance of the materials to deterioration from the
effects of action like freezing and thawing.
AGGREGATES, IN ORDER TO BE CLASSIFIED AS
GOOD QUALITY, MUST UNDERGO VARIOUS TEST
SUCH AS:
Test for Affinity and Swell

A strong and durable pavement must have binder which adhere or stick
firmly to the aggregate particles.
Shape and Texture of Aggregates

A relatively rounded smooth aggregate particles like natural gravel is
recommended for Portland cement concrete pavement because the mixture is
workable.
Test for Resistance to Polishing

One good criterion for pavement design is the high coefficient of friction
between the tire and the road surface.
AGGREGATE FOR
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
The bituminous pavement is a
combination of mineral aggregate
and bituminous binders.
AGGREGATE FOR PORTLAND
CEMENT CONCRETE
PAVEMENT
ORGANIC IMPURITIES
Under AASHTO T-21 standard test, the aggregate is treated
with a mixture of Sodium Hydrau chloride solution and when
the treated aggregate turns dark, organic materials are said to
present in he aggregate.
STRENGTH OF FINE AGGREGATE
is measured by the compression tests of sand cement
mortar.
SOUNDNESS OF FINE AGGREGATE
is measured by their resistance to deterioration under the
Department of Public Works and Highways
standard specifications classify aggregate
under item 703, and specifically provides that:
1. Aggregate
shall consist of hard, durable particles of fragments of crushed stone,
crushed slug or crushed or natural gravel.
2. Coarse Aggregate
is the material retained on the 2.00mm (No.10)sieve and shall have a
percentage of water not more than 50 for sub-base and not more than 45 for
base and surface courses as determined by AASHTO designation test T-96.
3. Fine Aggregate
is the material passing the No.10 sieve (2.00 mm) consisting of
natural,crushed sand and fine mineral particles.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
HIGHWAYS STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
CLASSIFY AGGREGATE UNDER ITEM 703,
AND SPECIFICALLY PROVIDES THAT:
4. For Base Course
The fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No.40) sieve shall
have a liquid limit of not more than 25 and a Plastic Index
(PI) not greater than 6
5. For Surface Course
The fraction passing the 0.425mm (No.40) sieve shall
have a liquid limit not more than 35 and a Plasticity Index
not less than 4 nor exceed 9.
MINERAL FILLER
The strength of the road

pavement will be increased if
the dust additives which dense
the graded mixture is added.
DUST ADDITIVE IS
CLASSIFIED INTO:
1. Finely powdered limestone
2. Slag
3. Hydrated lime
4. Portland cement
5. Trap rock dust
6. Fly Ash
FINELY POWDERED
LIMESTONE
SLAG
HYDRATED LIME
PORTLAND CEMENT
TRAP ROCK DUST
FLY ASH
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Bituminous Material or Asphalt is a
viscous liquid used as a binder for
aggregates in road construction. It
is in a liquid form when mixed or
combined with aggregates.
BITUMINOUS BINDERS
Asphalt cement
is used as binder for almost all high types of
bituminous pavement and is also a semi solid
hydrocarbons retained after fuel and lubricating oils are
removed from petroleum. The softest grade use for
pavement is the 200- 300 penetration and the hardest
is the 60-70 penetration.
CUTBACK OR LIQUID ASPHALT
1. The liquid asphalt is a petroleum product consisting of asphalt
cement with a liquid distillate (diesel, kerosene or gasoline).The less
viscous asphalt contains up to 50% diluent and the more viscous
contains diluent as little as 15%.
2. The use of cutback is being frowned for two reasons:
a. It is a usable fuel.
b. It is an air pollutant.
3.Cutback or liquid asphalt is classified into:
a. Slow Curing (SC) road soils.
b. Medium Curing (MC) cutback asphalt.
CUTBACK OR LIQUID ASPHALT
EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
is a kind of mixtures wherein the minute globules of asphalt
disperses in water.
OXIDIZED ASPHALT AND ROAD TAR
is suitable only for roofing and similar applications.
ROAD TAR
is a by-product of distillation process of coal.Tars are produced from
gashouse coal tar; cook oven tars and water tar.
THE DPWH SOECIFICATIONS CLASSIFY
BITUMINOUS TACK COAT UNDER ITEM
302 WHICH PROVIDES THAT:
1. Bituminous materials shall be either Rapid Curing Cut Back of
Emulsified asphalt.
2. Tack coat shall shall be applied only to dry surfaces or slightly
moist. No tack coat shall be applied when the weather is either
foggy rainy.
3. Immediately prior to the application of the tack coat, the road
surface shall be slighthly sprayed with water but not to be
saturated.
4. The rate of application of either the Rapid Curing cut back or
emulsified is within the range of 0.2 to 0.7 liter per sq.m.
Bitumen- Rubber Mixture
An appraisal of the real economic value of the addition of
rubber to asphalt must wait on further observation of the
behaviour of experimental pavements under influence of age,
weather and traffic.
Epoxy Resin as Binders

Epoxy binders are produced in a clear, dark, rigid and flexible
forms for application to either concrete or asphalt pavement.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH BITUMINOUS BINDERS
1. The thickness of asphalt film in the pavement ranges
from 0.005 to 0.010 mm. Test results showed that the
thicker the asphalt film, the lesser is the process of aging.
2. Mixtures that are too dry, cracks and breaks easily.
3. Higher asphalt content and lower percentage of voids
may cause instability of the pavement.
4. Improper construction procedures can age asphalt
prematurely.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH BITUMINOUS
5. Storing the mixedBINDERS
materials for an extended period of mixing
temperature produces a substantial reduction of asphalt
penetration.
6. Climatic conditions can seriously affect the behaviour of
asphalt binder
7. Different brand or source has variability in behaviuor. The
viscosity of some asphalts varies with temperature from that of
others.
8. An asphalt meeting a specified penetration requirement at
77% but with high viscosity temperature will become hard and
brittle at lower temperature.
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
The bituminous pavement is a
combination of mineral aggregates and
bituminous binders.
QUALITIES OF AN
ASPHALT ROAD
1. The surface must be free from cracks or ravelling
due to shrinkage and fatigue failure.
2. It must withstand weather condition, including the
effect of surface water, heat,cold and oxidation.
3. It must be resistant to internal moisture such as
water vapor.
4. It must posses a tight or porous impermeable
surface as the case may be suitable to underlying base
or sub-base.
ASPHALT CONCRETE
PAVEMENT
The term asphalt concrete refers to a
dense graded road surface made of hot
mineral aggregate plant mixed with hot
asphalt normally laid at a high
temperature of about 275F to 300F.
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
FAILURE
Are caused by excessive loads
creating deflection on the road
surface with insufficient underlying
layer strength.
THE MACADAM ASPHALT
MAT
The bituminous Macadam Road has large
amount of voids in the lower part of the
aggregate layers. The Bituminous
Macadam base of surface composed of or
three layers of progressively smaller,
clean, sharp angular stones binded with
asphalts.
SURFACE TREATMENT
The road surface treatment is a method
applied to upgrade an untreated surface
and to rejuvenate an existing pavement.
Dust palliatives
It is a surface treatment or application
of asphalt to control dust and fine sand
along the highway.
Dust palliative
PRIME COAT OR TACK
COAT
Its purpose to plug the capillary
voids in the pavement in order to
stop the upward movement of
moisture and to improve the
adhesion between the base and the
surface course
PRIME COAT OR TACK
COAT
ARMOR COAT
It is a surface treatment using a thin
bituminous binder covered by mineral
aggregate applied to an earth, gravel
or water bound macadam surface or
to stabilize the base.
SEAL COAT AND
RETREATED
It is the application of asphalt binder to a pavement
surface covered with aggregate.
SHEET ASPHALT
It is a mixture of sand fillers and asphalt cement. It is
about 1-1/2” thick cover asphalt concrete or slab of
Portland cement concrete.
COLD LAID ASPHALT
Cold laid asphalt is a mixture containing coarse
and fine aggregates and liquid asphalt or
emulsion
SLURRY SEALS
It is a combination of sand, crushed stone,
emulsified asphalt and water.
ASPHALT OVERLAY
Asphalt Overlay is a layer of asphalt bound aggregate laid to
an existing pavement. The purpose is to level out a disorted
surface or to cover cracks and joints of the pavement.

Road Materials: Reporter: Shiela Mae T. Ranoco Ariel Umek Christian Jay Salutan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Road Materials: Reporter: Shiela Mae T. Ranoco Ariel Umek Christian Jay Salutan

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Road Materials: Reporter: Shiela Mae T. Ranoco Ariel Umek Christian Jay Salutan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ROAD MATERIALS

Test for Soundness

Test for Affinity and Swell

Shape and Texture of Aggregates

Test for Resistance to Polishing

The strength of the road

Epoxy Resin as Binders

You might also like