Wireless networks can provide connectivity without needing to run cables. They use radio frequencies to transmit data between devices over short or long ranges. Common wireless standards include Wi-Fi (802.11), Bluetooth, and WiMAX. Wi-Fi networks operate in the 2.4GHz or 5GHz bands and provide connectivity for devices within around 70 meters of an access point. Bluetooth supports very short range connectivity up to 10 meters for devices like headphones. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless connectivity over longer distances than Wi-Fi.
Wireless networks can provide connectivity without needing to run cables. They use radio frequencies to transmit data between devices over short or long ranges. Common wireless standards include Wi-Fi (802.11), Bluetooth, and WiMAX. Wi-Fi networks operate in the 2.4GHz or 5GHz bands and provide connectivity for devices within around 70 meters of an access point. Bluetooth supports very short range connectivity up to 10 meters for devices like headphones. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless connectivity over longer distances than Wi-Fi.
Wireless networks can provide connectivity without needing to run cables. They use radio frequencies to transmit data between devices over short or long ranges. Common wireless standards include Wi-Fi (802.11), Bluetooth, and WiMAX. Wi-Fi networks operate in the 2.4GHz or 5GHz bands and provide connectivity for devices within around 70 meters of an access point. Bluetooth supports very short range connectivity up to 10 meters for devices like headphones. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless connectivity over longer distances than Wi-Fi.
Wireless networks can provide connectivity without needing to run cables. They use radio frequencies to transmit data between devices over short or long ranges. Common wireless standards include Wi-Fi (802.11), Bluetooth, and WiMAX. Wi-Fi networks operate in the 2.4GHz or 5GHz bands and provide connectivity for devices within around 70 meters of an access point. Bluetooth supports very short range connectivity up to 10 meters for devices like headphones. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless connectivity over longer distances than Wi-Fi.
Can not run wire to locations needed. To enable patrons to bring their own laptop, therefore reducing the cost of owning many PCs. To enable you to easily move PCs. To be on the leading edge.
3 What is Wi-Fi Wi-Fi is an abbreviation for Wireless Fidelity and a catch all phrase for the several different standards and recommendations that comprise wireless networking. Wi-Fi enables the user to deploy a computer network without needing to run cable throughout the facility.
4 Wireless networks Wireless LAN(WLAN) Wireless MAN Wireless WAN
5 IEEE 802.11/Wireless LAN Wireless Frequency generally used 1. 2.4 GHz 2. 5.0 GHz
6 Benefits The benefits of wireless LANs include Convenience Mobility Productivity Deployment Expandanbility Cost
7 Disadvantages Security Range Reliability Speed
8 Architecture All components that can connect into a wireless medium in a network are referred to as stations. All stations are equipped with wireless network interface cards (WNICs). Wireless stations fall into one of two categories: access points and clients.
9 Distribution system
A distribution system connects access points in an extended
service setup Peer –to- peer Distributing devices.
11 IEEE 802.11 legacy Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range(Indoor) 1997 2.4 GHz 1 or 2 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s ~35 m
Disadv.:- suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Devices operating in the 2.4 GHz range include: microwave ovens, Bluetooth devices, baby monitors and cordless telephones. Interference issues, and user density problems within the 2.4 GHz band have become a major concern and frustration for users.
12 IEEE 802.11b Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range(Indoor) October 1999 2.4 GHz 4.5 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s ~35 m
Disadv.:- 802.11b devices suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Devices operating in the 2.4 GHz range include: microwave ovens, Bluetooth devices, baby monitors and cordless telephones. Interference issues, and user density problems within the 2.4 GHz band have become a major concern and frustration for users.
13 IEEE 802.11b Pros of 802.11b - lowest cost; signal range is good and not easily obstructed Cons of 802.11b - slowest maximum speed; home appliances may interfere on the unregulated frequency band
14 802.11a Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range (Indoor) October 1999 5 GHz 23 Mbit/s 54 Mbit/s ~35 m
Disadvantage:- The effective overall range of 802.11a is slightly less than that of 802.11b/g; 802.11a signals cannot penetrate as far as those for 802.11b because they are absorbed more readily by walls and other solid objects in their path.
15 802.11a Pros of 802.11a - fast maximum speed; regulated frequencies prevent signal interference from other devices Cons of 802.11a - highest cost; shorter range signal that is more easily obstructed
16 802.11g 802.11g attempts to combine the best of both 802.11a and 802.11b. 802.11g supports bandwidth up to 54 Mbps, and it uses the 2.4 Ghz frequency for greater range Pros of 802.11g - fast maximum speed; signal range is good and not easily obstructed Cons of 802.11g - costs more than 802.11b; appliances may interfere on the unregulated signal frequency
17 IEEE 802.11g In June 2003, a third modulation standard was ratified: 802.11g. This works in the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b) but operates at a maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s, or about 19 Mbit/s net throughput. 802.11g hardware is fully backwards compatible with 802.11b hardware. Disadvantages:- same as IEEE 802.11b.
18 802.11n The newest IEEE standard in the Wi-Fi category is 802.11n. It was designed to improve on 802.11g in the amount of bandwidth supported by utilizing multiple wireless signals and antennas (called MIMO technology) instead of one. Pros of 802.11n - fastest maximum speed and best signal range; more resistant to signal interference from outside sources Cons of 802.11n - standard is not yet finalized; costs more than 802.11g; the use of multiple signals may greatly interfere with nearby 802.11b/g based networks.
19 IEEE 802.11n Release Date Op. Frequency Data Rate (Typ) Data Rate (Max) Range (Indoor) June 2009 802.11n is a 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 74 Mbit/s 248 Mbit/s (2 streams)~70 m amendment which improves upon the previous 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and many other newer features.
20 Bluetooth Bluetooth is an alternative wireless network technology that followed a different development path than the 802.11 family. Bluetooth supports a very short range (approximately 10 meters) and relatively low bandwidth (1-3 Mbps in practice) designed for low-power network devices like handhelds. The low manufacturing cost of Bluetooth hardware also appeals to industry vendors. Readily find Bluetooth in the networking of PDAs or cell phones with PCs, but it is rarely used for general-purpose WLAN networking due to the range and speed considerations.
21 Bluetooth – 802.15
Bluetooth is the standard for wireless
personal area networks or WPAN. It allows high speed transmission of data over very short distances. Bluetooth is normally used for transferring data between laptops, or in Internet Kiosk type applications where roaming is not needed. 22 Modulation techniques Bluetooth :frequency hopping spread spectrum signaling method (FHSS) while 802.11b/g uses a direct sequence spread spectrum signaling method (DSSS).
A wireless NIC is needed to access the wireless LAN with a notebook computer, PDA, Tablet PC, Web-Pad, wireless printer, wireless Webcam, or other Wi-Fi-compliant peripherals Types of Wi-Fi NICs: PC (PCMCIA) cards, Compact Flash cards, PCI NICs and USB Wi-Fi adapters
30 Wireless USB Network adaptor USB Network Adapter easily connects USB-equipped desktop or notebook computer to your wireless network for Internet and file sharing
31 Wireless PC Card This versatile PC card works with either wireless standard 802.11b or 802.11g, to keep you connected today and tomorrow. Put it in your notebook PC and be connected .
32 Wireless firewall Protection techniques.
33 network adapter Device Type Network adapter Form Factor Plug-in card Interface (Bus) Mini PCI
34 Wireless MAN WiMAX, the Broadband Wireless MAN is produced by DAX Associates and published by the IGI Group
35 WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways IEEE 802.16 2.5 GHz frequency band
36 Wireless net.
37 Wimax types The fixed WiMax standard IEEE 802.16-2004 (also known as 802.16d), which provides fixed, point-to-multi point broadband wireless access service and its product profile utilizes the OFDM 256-FFT. The fixed WiMAX 802.16-2004 standard supports both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) services - the latter of which delivers full duplex transmission on the same signal if desired. In Dec. 2005, IEEE approved the mobile WiMax standard, the 802.16-2005 (also known as 802.16e). IEEE 802.16e, adds mobility features to WiMAX in the 2 to 11 GHz licensed bands. 802.16e allows for fixed wireless and mobile Non Line of Sight (NLOS) applications primarily by enhancing the OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).
38 WiMAX architecture IEEE 802.16 Protocol Architecture has 4 layers: Convergence, MAC, Transmission and physical, which can be map to two OSI lowest layers: physical and data link
39 Comparison between different wireless techniques
Frequency Band: 2-66GHz 2 - 11GHz 2.4 – 5.8GHz 2.4GHz
~31 miles Range ~31 miles ~100 meters ~10meters
~15 Mbps Maximum Data rate: ~134 Mbps ~55 Mbps ~3Mbps
Thousands Number of users: Thousands Dozens Dozens
40 Security Ievels The most common security levels are Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)-Personal and Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). When setting up a network, you should use one or more of the following security measures:■ Enable WPA-Personal or WEP security encryption on the router. ■ Change the default network name (SSID) and password. ■ Use a firewall. ■ Set security on your Web browser.
Encryption Encryption on the pubic network can be used but would create administrative overhead. Encryption keys would have to be changed regularly and anyone using their own laptop would have to be given the key. Encryption works best in a network that does not allow people to use their own laptops. Encryption increases privacy, but can be thwarted, either by software, or by gaining access to a PC configured with wireless and writing down the key.
Web content filtering that has generally been software on the desktop would have to be handled by a server if people are allowed to use their own laptops.
Proxy servers allow you to control what information people have access to. This is a good practice anyway, allowing you to control at a global level what information travels over your network. It also allows you to track usage.
Wireless does not add any additional threat in the way of viruses. Anyone, anywhere can attack a network that is connected to the Internet. Wireless does not increase that chance. Security measures such as firewalls, can reduce the risk.
