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    Rubella: R.Varidianto Yudo T., Dr.,Mkes

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    erick djuanda
    Rubella is a virus that causes German measles. It normally causes a harmless childhood illness but can have severe consequences if a pregnant woman is infected, as it can cause birth defects or miscarriage. The virus is diagnosed through serological tests and prevented through vaccination programs for children.

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    Rubella: R.Varidianto Yudo T., Dr.,Mkes

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    erick djuanda
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    Rubella is a virus that causes German measles. It normally causes a harmless childhood illness but can have severe consequences if a pregnant woman is infected, as it can cause birth defects or miscarriage. The virus is diagnosed through serological tests and prevented through vaccination programs for children.

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    Rubella is a virus that causes German measles. It normally causes a harmless childhood illness but can have severe consequences if a pregnant woman is infected, as it can cause birth defects or miscarriage. The virus is diagnosed through serological tests and prevented through vaccination programs for children.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    81 views11 pages

    Rubella: R.Varidianto Yudo T., Dr.,Mkes

    Uploaded by

    erick djuanda
    Rubella is a virus that causes German measles. It normally causes a harmless childhood illness but can have severe consequences if a pregnant woman is infected, as it can cause birth defects or miscarriage. The virus is diagnosed through serological tests and prevented through vaccination programs for children.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Rubella

    R.Varidianto Yudo T., dr.,MKes.


    Lab. Mikrobiologi
    Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hang Tuah
    • Rubella virus, Genus Rubivirus, Family Togavirus
    (Togaviridae)
    • The the causative agent in German measles.
    • This normally harmless childhood disease
    • Can cause severe embryopathies during the first
    trimester of pregnancy.
    Morphology / Characteristic
    • Togaviruses possess an icosahedral capsid and a
    closefitting envelope.
    • The capsid measures 35–40 nm and the entire virion
    60–65 nm.
    • The genome of the togaviruses is a single- stranded,
    polyadenylated, positive sense RNA.
    • Replication not only produces new 40S genomic
    RNA, but a subgenomic 26S RNA fragment as well,
    which codes for the capsid proteins.
    • Viral progeny are released by budding at the cell
    surface.
    Pathogenesis
    • “German measles” is a harmless exanthemous infection
    in children and youths, caused by a rubivirus, the rubella
    virus, and transmitted by direct contact.
    • The infections remain inapparent in nearly half the cases.
    • The virus at first replicates in lymphoid organs at the
    portal of entry and in the nasopharyngeal space, after
    which a viremia develops before the exanthem
    manifests.
    • In pregnant women, the virus takes this route through
    the placenta to the embryo, where it can cause
    congenital deformities or embryonic death, especially in
    the first three months of pregnancy.
    • The organs in the developmental stage in this
    trimester are most seriously affected by the rubella
    infection.
    • The most frequent congenital deformities are
    deafness, cataracts, cardiac defects, microcephaly,
    and spina bifida.
    • In intrauterine embryo deaths due to rubella
    infections the immediate cause of death is usually
    myocardial damage.
    • A measles infection confirmed by IgM detection or a
    raised antibody count is therefore an indication for a
    first-trimester abortion.
    Laboratory Diagnosis
    • Serodiagnosis is the method of choice in suspected
    alphavirus and rubivirus infections.
    • EIA methods are also available for IgM detection.
    Prevention
    • There are vaccines to protect against alphavirus
    infections and rubella.
    • The main aim of rubella prophylaxis is to prevent
    rubella-caused embryopathies.
    • Since 10–15% of young adults are still susceptible to
    rubella infections and a live vaccine with few side
    effects that confers reliable immunity is available,
    serial vaccination of children (boys and girls!) is done
    before puberty.
    • The vaccine is tolerated so well that prior immune
    status checks are not required.

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