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    Effects of TV Violence

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    Maleeha Hashmi
    The document discusses research on the effects of TV violence on behavior, cognition, and emotions. Key findings include: 1) Experimental research found that exposure to TV violence can increase aggressive behavior, thoughts, and feelings in both children and adults. 2) TV violence was found to impact viewers through behavioral effects like imitation, arousal, and disinhibition as well as cognitive effects like mean world syndrome and emotional effects like fear and desensitization. 3) However, some research has also found that as media violence has increased, youth violence has declined, suggesting media violence may not directly cause real-world aggression. The effects depend on characteristics of content and the individual viewer.

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    Effects of TV Violence

    Uploaded by

    Maleeha Hashmi
    33 views26 pages
    The document discusses research on the effects of TV violence on behavior, cognition, and emotions. Key findings include: 1) Experimental research found that exposure to TV violence can increase aggressive behavior, thoughts, and feelings in both children and adults. 2) TV violence was found to impact viewers through behavioral effects like imitation, arousal, and disinhibition as well as cognitive effects like mean world syndrome and emotional effects like fear and desensitization. 3) However, some research has also found that as media violence has increased, youth violence has declined, suggesting media violence may not directly cause real-world aggression. The effects depend on characteristics of content and the individual viewer.

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    Effects of TV Violence: Behavioral, Cognitive & Emotional Effects

    Original Title

    Effects of Tv Violence

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    The document discusses research on the effects of TV violence on behavior, cognition, and emotions. Key findings include: 1) Experimental research found that exposure to TV violence can increase aggressive behavior, thoughts, and feelings in both children and adults. 2) TV violence was found to impact viewers through behavioral effects like imitation, arousal, and disinhibition as well as cognitive effects like mean world syndrome and emotional effects like fear and desensitization. 3) However, some research has also found that as media violence has increased, youth violence has declined, suggesting media violence may not directly cause real-world aggression. The effects depend on characteristics of content and the individual viewer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views26 pages

    Effects of TV Violence

    Uploaded by

    Maleeha Hashmi
    The document discusses research on the effects of TV violence on behavior, cognition, and emotions. Key findings include: 1) Experimental research found that exposure to TV violence can increase aggressive behavior, thoughts, and feelings in both children and adults. 2) TV violence was found to impact viewers through behavioral effects like imitation, arousal, and disinhibition as well as cognitive effects like mean world syndrome and emotional effects like fear and desensitization. 3) However, some research has also found that as media violence has increased, youth violence has declined, suggesting media violence may not directly cause real-world aggression. The effects depend on characteristics of content and the individual viewer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    EFFECTS OF TV VIOLENCE:

    BEHAVIORAL, COGNITIVE
    & EMOTIONAL
    BY MALEEHA HASHMI
    HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

    • Payne Fund Studies


    • Movies eroding moral standards?
    • Found sex & crime scenes against moral values
    • No conclusive evidence was emerged
    THE SEDUCTION OF THE INNOCENT
    1954
    • By American psychiatrist Fredric Wertham
    • Comic books were serious cause of juvenile
    delinquency
    • Distorting view of the world
    • Significant correlation between crime comics reading
    and the more serious form of juvenile delinquency
    THE SURGEON GENERAL’S REPORT
    • John F. Kennedy (1963), Malcolm X (1965), Martin Luther King , Jr (1968) and Robert Kennedy (1968)

    • Committee formed in 1969

    • Published report consist of 5 volumes & 1 summary report


    • Conclusion drawn were:
    1. Television content is heavily saturated with violence
    2. Children & adults spending more and more time in front of tv
    3. Violent television entertainment increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior among
    viewers
    EFFECTS OF TV VIOLENCE

    • TV violence may have impact on viewers at number of


    psychological levels
    1. Behavioral
    2. Cognitive
    3. Emotional
    BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS

    • Behavioral effects of TV violence have been hypothesized to act via number of


    principals including
    • Catharsis
    • Arousal
    • Disinhibition
    • Imitation
    • Desensitization
    CATHARSIS
    • Assumes that accumulated aggressive impulses can be
    discharged by individuals if they become absorbed in violent
    events
    • Idea came from studies done by Seymour Feshbach in 1984
    • Demonstrated discharge aggressive impulses through two ways:
    1. Through fantasy
    2. Through watching fictional portrayals
    EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH BY FESHBACH

    • Teenage boys were observed for 6 weeks.


    • TV viewing diet manipulated to control the amount of
    violence
    • Boy who watched mainly nonviolent content were
    found as more aggressive than those who watched
    violent content
    AROUSAL
    • Tannenbaum & Zillmann in 1975
    • Non-specific psychological response, which is defined by the
    type of material being watched
    • Violence arouse viewers and make them excited
    • Sexual and humorous content may have same effects
    • Delay in opportunity to respond helps in reducing aggression
    DISINHIBITION
    • Researches done in 80s by Donnerstein, Malamuth on violent
    pornographic media content
    • Watching violence may legitimize the use of violence by the
    viewer in real life
    • Researchers found in laboratory conditions that violent
    response is specially likely to occur if viewers were already
    angry
    EXAMPLES OF DISINHIBITION

    • Columbine Tragedy 1999


    • 2 teenage boys murdered 12 schoolmates and a teacher and
    injured 21 others before taking their own lives.
    • Their lives centered around violent video games
    • Seung-Hui Cho, a student who in 2007 shot to death 32
    students and faculty of Virginia Tech, wounded 17 more, and
    then killed himself.
    RESEARCH ON DISINHIBITION EFFECT

    • Ohio State University in 2017


    • A 2010 review by psychologist Craig A. Anderson concluded that “ the
    exposure to violent video games is a causal risk factor for increased
    aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, and aggressive affects
    • 8- to 12-year-old children were showed a 20-minute version of a popular
    PG-rated movie “ Rocketeer” or National Treasure.
    • Children were sent to a room that contained various toys including Legos,
    nerf guns, and games
    CONTD.

    • The children who watched the movie with the guns played more
    aggressively
    • The playroom also contained a closed cabinet, where in one of the
    drawers was a real 0.38-caliber handgun
    • 83 percent of the kids found the gun, and most of them played with it.
    • Only 27 % immediately returned it to the experimenters
    • Importantly, almost none of the kids who watched the movie clip without
    guns ever pulled the trigger.
    IMITATION

    • Assumes that tv viewers specially young ones inclined


    to learn behavior from TV characters
    • Albert Bandura’s series of experiments done BOBO
    doll
    DESENSITIZATION

    • Repeated viewing leads to reduction in emotional


    responsiveness to violence
    • Increases acceptance of violence
    • Drabman & Thomas 1974 checked the response of 8 years old
    during fight
    • Children who watched violent material were less likely to seek
    help of adults
    COGNITIVE EFFECTS

    • Cognitive effects are those which are likely to influence


    and shape beliefs and opinion about the world
    • Major contributor was George Gerbener, professor at
    University of Pennsylvania
    • Raised the issue and decided to research
    • Research findings were based on secondary analyses of
    National public opinion survey data in US
    CULTIVATION ANALYSIS :
    RESEARCH FINDINGS

    • Amount of TV viewing was correlated with beliefs they had


    about the world
    • Exaggerated impression of the extent of threat & excessive
    anxiety about personal safety
    • Mean-world syndrome
    • Research was modified after criticism
    LEVELS OF JUDGEMENT

    • Categorization of relationship between watching


    violence and its effects on cognition
    • In 1979 Doob & Macdonald replicated the study in
    Canada
    • Found the gathered data as evidence of spuriousness of
    relationship between tv viewing and fear of crime
    CONTD.

    1) Program specific :
    Evidences were found in 1986 by Weaver & Wakshlag.
    Influence of TV may not relate to total amount of time
    It is linked to the amount watched on TV about relevant content such as crime
    2) Viewer’s perception:
    Interpretation of the content
    Example : crime petrol
    New Jack city, Boulevard nights, walk proud
    CONTD.

    3) People’s Judgement
    The idea was presented by Tyler in1984
    (i) Societal level : General beliefs about the frequency of crime
    Example : Karachi
    (ii) Personal Judgement: Personal judgement, beliefs about
    personal vulnerability
    It may vary from person to person
    4) Situation Specific
    It may not be the same from one setting to the next
    Example: moving in public vs private transport
    EMOTIONAL EFFECTS

    • Television can produce both weak & very pronounced


    emotional response
    • TV may have immediate effects as well as long term
    relationships between exposure and cultivation of fearfulness
    • Major studies done bey Cantor ;main focus was children ; age
    bracket was 3-11 years
    CONTD.

    • Children were observed during watching frightening tv


    programs/clips/films
    • Observations were made through questions, small sensors & facial
    expressions
    FINDINGS:
    • Young ones were frightened by appearance like hulk etc
    • With maturity source of fear shifted towards abstract threats & realistic
    fears like snake etc
    COGNITIVE/NONCOGNITIVE STRATEGIES

    Noncognitive strategy :
    • Desensitization through gradual, repeated exposure to frightening
    stimulus

    Cognitive strategy :
    • Requires children to think about fear stimulus.
    • Worked more in matured ones as children need to
    comprehend the info prior and during the exposure to the
    frightening stimulus
    RESEARCHES

    • THE ROLE OF MEDIA VIOLENCE IN VIOLENT BEHAVIOR by US professors L. Rowell


    Huesmann and Laramie D. Taylor
    • Annual Review of Public Health ,2006
    • Research shows that fictional television and film violence contribute to both a short-term and a
    long-term increase in aggression and violence in young viewers.
    • Television news violence also contributes to increased violence, principally in the form of imitative
    suicides and acts of aggression.
    • The relationship between media violence and real-world violence and aggression is moderated by
    the nature of the media content and characteristics of and social influences on the individual
    exposed to that content
    • Freedman, 2002; Olson, 2004; Savage, 2004 have pointed out
    that as media content has increased in violence in the past few
    decades, violent crimes among youth have declined rapidly.
    • Because the violence being portrayed in media especially TV is
    usually punished, it does not have an effect on producing violent
    behavior

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