SEMINAR ON INFECTION CONTROL

BY:-
Mr. SUNIL KUMAR
FINAL YEAR M.Sc NURSING
B.V.C.O.N. PUNE
DEFINITION:

 Thedefinition of infection is the process of

bacteria or viruses invading the body or making
someone ill or diseased.
 When you catch a cold, this is an example of an
infection.
 A virus is an example of an infection.
 Infection may be local or generalized and spread
throughout the body.

 Once the infectious agent enters the host it begins to

proliferate and reacts with the defense mechanisms of
the body producing infection symptoms and signs: pain,
swelling, redness, functional disorders, rise in
temperature and pulse rate and leukocytosis.
INFECTION CONTROL

 Infection control is the discipline concerned with

preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated
infection.

 It
is an essential (though often under-recognized and
under-supported) part of the infrastructure of health care.
 Infection control addresses factors related to the spread
of infections within the health-care setting, including
prevention, monitoring/investigation of demonstrated or
suspected spread of infection within a particular health-
care setting, and management (interruption of
outbreaks).
OBJECTIVES OF INFCTION CONTROL:-

 To protect the patient and members of the hospital team

from contracting infections during hospital procedures
 To reduce the numbers of pathogenic micro-organisms in
the dental operatory to the lowest possible level.
 To implement a high standard of infection control when
treating every patient (universal precautions)
STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE INFECTION
CONTROL:-

 All patients must be screened.

 Barriers for personal protection.

 Careful aseptic techniques.

 Sterilization & disinfection.

 Disposal of contaminated waste safely.

IMPORTANCE OF INFECTION CONTROL

 Prevents post procedure infections

 Results in high-quality, safe services
 Prevents infections in service providers and other
staff
 Protects the community from infections that originate
from health care facilities
 Prevents the spread of antibiotic-resistant
microorganisms
 Lowers the costs of health care services, since
prevention is cheaper than treatment.
HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL
PROGRAMME

 The aim of the Hospital Infection Control Program is

dissemination of information, surveillance activities,
investigation, prevention and control of nosocomial
infections in the hospitals.
 Nosocomial infections affects approximately 2 million
patients annually in acute care facilities in our country
and their annual patient care costs several millions of
rupees.

Studies shows that nearly one-third of nosocomial

infections can be prevented by a well organised infection
control programme. But only less than 10% are actually
prevented.
To be effective the infections control programme should
include the following.

1. Organised surveillance and control activities

2.One infection control practitioner for every major
Health Facility.
3. A Trained Hospital Epidemiologist
THE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF
THE INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
ARE:

 basic measures for infection control, i.e. standard and

additional precautions;
 education and training of health care workers;
 protection of health care workers, e.g. immunization;
 identification of hazards and minimizing risks;
 routine practices essential to infection control such as
aseptic techniques ,
 use of single use devices, reprocessing of instruments
and equipment ,
 antibiotic usage, management of blood/body fluid
exposure,
 handling and use of blood and blood products,

 surveillance;
 incident monitoring;
 outbreak investigation;

 infection control in specific situations; and

 Research

 sound management of medical waste;

ORGANIZATION OF AN INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM

 As with all other functions of a health care facility,

the ultimate responsibility for prevention and control
of infection rests with the health administrator.
 The hospital administrator/head of hospital should:

 Establish an infection control committee which will

in turn appoint an infection control team;
 Provide adequate resources for effective functioning
of the infection control program.
 In the majority of countries Infection control program
(ICP), typically operates on two levels: an executive
body – the infection control team (ICT) – and an
advisory body to the hospital management – the
infection control committee (ICC) – which adopts the
‘legislative’ role of policy making.
1. INFECTION CONTROL
COMMITTEE

2. INFECTION CONTROL TEAM

3. INFECTION CONTROL MANUAL

INFECTION CONTROL
COMMITTEE:-
 It is a multidisciplinary committee responsible for
monitoring program policies implementation and
recommend corrective actions.
 It includes representatives from different concerned
hospital departments & management. They meet
bimonthly.
 It establishes standards for patient care, it reviews and
assesses IC reports and identifies areas of
intervention.
 The hospital ICC is charged with the responsibility for
the planning, evaluation of evidenced-based practice and
implementation, prioritization and resource allocation of
all matters relating to infection control.
 The ICC must have a reporting relationship directly to
either administration or the medical staff to promote ICP
visibility and effectiveness. The ICC should meet
regularly (monthly) according to local need
TEAM MEMBERS TO BE AUTHORISED:-

 Team should have authority to manage an effective

control program.
 Team should have a direct reporting with senior
administration.
 Infection control team members or are responsible for
day-to-day functions of IC and preparing the yearly
work plan.
 They should be expert and creative in their job.
THE ICC HAS THE FOLLOWING TASKS:-

 To review and approve the annual plan for infection

control
 To review and approve the infection control policies.

 To support the IC team and direct resources to

address problems as identified
 To ensure availability of appropriate supplies

 To review epidemiological surveillance data and

identify area for intervention.
 To assess and promote improved practice at all levels of
the health care facility
 To ensure appropriate training in infection control and
safety.
 To review risks associated with new technology and new
devices prior to their approval for use.
 To review and provide input into an outbreak
investigation
THE ROLE OF ICN:-

 Identify,investigate and monitor infections, hazardous

practice and procedures
 Participate in the preparation of documents relating to
service specifications and quality standards.
 Participate in training and educational programs and in
membership of relevant committees where infection
control input is needed
 Educate individuals and groups about the risk,
prevention, transmission, and control of infection,
disease-specific care, appropriate precautions, and
appropriate assessments
 Investigate, manage and conduct surveillance of
suspected and confirmed outbreaks of infection
 Training and education under the supervision of ICO

 Increase awareness among patients n visitors about

infection control

 Maintain infection control standard and policies.

INFECTION CONTROL MANUAL:-

 Every Hospital should have a nosocomial infection

prevention manual or a Hospital associated infection
prevention manual containing recommended
instructions and practices for patient care.
 The manual should be developed and updated by the
infection control team and reviewed and approved by
the committee.
 It must be made readily available for health care
workers, and updated in a timely fashion.
SERVEILLANCE

PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIE

STAFF TRAINING
SURVEILLANCE:-

DEFINATION:-
It is the outgoing systematic collection,
analysis and interpretation of health data
essential to the planning, implementation and
evaluation of health care practices.
PURPOSE OF SURVEILLANCE

 Reduce infection rates within a hospital

 Identify outbreak

 Convincing medical personnel

 Evaluating control measures

SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES:-

 Operative Procedures
 Critical Care Units (MICU, SICU, NICU)

 Targeted Surveillance

 Outbreak Investigation
AIMING AT PREVENTING SPREAD OF
INFECTION:

 Treating all patients in the health care facility with the

same basic level of “standard” precautions involves
work practices that are essential to provide a high
level of protection to patients, health care workers
and visitors.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS:
These measures must be applied during every patient care,
during exposure to any potentially infected material or
body fluids as blood and others.
 Components:
 A. Hand washing.

 B. Barrier precautions.
 C. Sharp disposal.
 D. Handling of contaminated material.
HAND WASHING:-

 Hand washing is the single most effective precaution for

prevention of infection transmission between patients
and staff.
 Hand washing with plain soap is mechanical removal of
soil and transient bacteria (for 10- 15 sec.)
 Hand antisepsis is removal & destroys of transient flora
using anti-microbial soap or alcohol based hand rub (for
60 sec.)
BARRIER PRECAUTIONS
 A general term referring to any method or device used to reduce c
ontact with potentially infectios body fluids, including.
 facial masks, double gloving and fluid-resistant gowns
 gloves;
 protective eye wear (goggles);
 mask;
 apron;
 gown;
 boots/shoe covers; and
 Cap/hair cover.
SHARPE DISPOSAL
 Sharps are objects or devices that have been used in patient care, medical,
research, or industrial laboratories. Sharps can be glass, metal, or plastic with
rigid corners, sharp edges, or protruding pieces that can slice, scrape or pierce
the skin. Sharps may include (but aren’t limited to):

 Acupuncture needles
 Broken glass or capillary tubes
 Blood vials
 Scalpel blades
 Syringes with and without needles
 Suture needles
 Trauma scene waste that can cut,slice or pierce
 Culture dishes and slides
 Tubing with needles
 Needles and tubing
ADDITIONAL (TRANSMISSION-BASED)
PRECAUTIONS:-

 Additional (transmission-based) precautions are taken

while ensuring standard precautions are maintained.
Additional precautions include:
 Airborne precautions;

 Droplet precautions; and

 Contact precautions.
 Handling
of contaminated material means proper
biomedical waste management should be their.
[BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT]
MANAGEMENT OF
BIO MEDICAL
WASTE :-
BIO MEDICAL WASTES:

SEGREGATE AND
PACK IT RIGHT ATTHE
POINT OF
GENERATION
BIO MEDICAL WASTES COLLECTION &TRANSPORT
BIO MEDICAL WASTES COLLECTION &TRANSPORT
STAFF TRAINING:-
 Staff health promotion and education:
 1. HCW’s are at risk of acquiring infection, they can
also transmit infection to patients and other
employee.
 2. Employee health history must be reviewed,
immunizations recommendations to be considered.
 3. Release from work if sick, occupation injury must
be notified.
 4. Continuous education to improve practice, better
performance of new techniques
 Master institutional infection control orientation and in
service education program-for all level staff

 Wards/departmental in service training program

 Infection control seminar/workshops and symposia

 INFECTIONCONTROL IN BHARATI
HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE
PUNE
INFECTION CONTROL TEAM :-

 INFECTION CONTROL INCHARG:-

1. Dr. Anuradha Tolpadi (microbiologist)
 SISTER INCHARGE:-
1. Mrs. Sunita pawale
 INFECTION CONTROL NURSE:-
1. Br. Sujitkumar Landge
2. Mrs.Ancy C
3. Br. Anoop K A
MANAGEMENT OF INFECTION CONTROL
IN BHARATI HOSPITAL

 Monthly they have one infection control meeting on

3rd Friday with all committee members
 In which they deal with all infection control
prevention measures of hospital
 Also they discuss with all department and infection
control nurse about monthly report of infection
control in hospital
 Also they have in-service education in hospital for staff,
2 times class lecture for staff and one time class lecture
for infection control nurse.
 Also they give education to staff and students at bed
sidesheir ICN has duty in 2 shifts 7:30 pm to 3:30 pm
and 12 pm to 8:00 pm daily.
 They follow all the protocols like universal precaution,
BMW etc.
THANK YOU

THANKS TO ALL