Welding Safety: By: Eng'r. Domz Caneda

WELDING SAFETY
By: Eng’r. Domz Caneda

Contents
WELDING TYPES: GMAW, Oxy-Fuel, SMAW
BEFORE WORK: Check and Maintenance
DURING WORK: Hazards Involved
CONTROL OF HAZARDS: Welding Works
HOT WORK & PERMITS:
 Definition, Procedures & Limitations
SUMMARY: American Welding Society
2 2
GAS METAL ARC
WELDING (GMAW)
• GMAW subtypes are metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal
active gas (MAG) welding.
• GMAW) is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding
process in which a continuous and consumable wire
electrode and a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun.
• A constant voltage, direct current power source is most
commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems,
as well as alternating current, can be used.
• GMAW four primary methods of metal transfer are globular,
short-circuiting, spray, and pulsed-spray which have distinct
properties and corresponding advantages and limitations. 3
3
OXY-FUEL WELDING
& CUTTING
• Oxy-fuel welding (commonly called oxyacetylene welding, oxy
welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-fuel cutting are
processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut
metals, respectively.
• In oxy-fuel welding, a welding torch is used to weld metals.
Welding metal results when two pieces are heated to a
temperature that produces a shared pool of molten metal. The
molten pool is generally supplied with additional metal called
filler. Filler material depends upon the metals to be welded.
• In oxy-fuel cutting, a cutting torch is used to heat metal to
kindling temperature. A stream of oxygen then trained on the
metal combines with the metal which then flows out of the cut
(kerf) as an oxide slag . 4 4
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
(STICK WELDING)
 is an arc welding process in which
coalescence of metals
 is produced by heat from an electric
arc
 that is maintained between the tip of a
covered electrode and
 the surface of the metal in the joint
being welded. 5 5
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
(SMAW)
6 6
2 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF
ELECTRIC WELDING MACHINE
 Rises the level of current appropriate for

welding (from 60-110 amp approximate).
 Lowers the voltage to a safe level (from

220 volts to 20-40 volts).
7 7
THE WELDING ELECTRODE
SHIELDING COVERING
GAS CORE
WIRE
BASE METAL
8 8
FUNCTIONS OF THE
ELECTRODE COVERING
1. Provides gas to shield the arc.
2. Provides scavengers, deoxidizers,
and fluxing agents.
3. Provides a slag blanket.
4. Provides a means of alloying
elements
9 9
CHECK AND MAINTENANCE
BEFORE WORK (SMAW)
1. WELDER AND EQUIPMENT
 Provide correct power switch fuses.

 Holder insulation must be good.
 Equipment must be grounded properly.
 Welding cable must not be damaged.
10 10
BEFORE WORK (SMAW)
2. CLOTHES AND PROTECTORS
 Correct working clothes must be worn.
 Use safety shoes.
 Proper welding face protector or goggles must
 be ready for use.
 Workers must wear proper gloves, arm covers,
 apron and foot covers.
 Use safety belts/body harness for elevated
work 11 11
BEFORE WORK (SMAW)
3. WORK CONDITIONS
 Use a plate or screen to protect third parties.
 Eliminate flammable or explosive matter near
the working site.
 Provide proper fire extinguisher at the working
site.
 Check ladders, scaffolds, and work supports for
work place higher than 2 m.
12 12
HAZARDS IN ELECTRIC ARC
WELDING WORKS
1. Electric Shock 2. Fumes and Gases
13 13
WELDING WORKS
3. Welding Sparks 4. Arc Rays
14 14
WELDING WORKS
5. General Work Area
15 15
CONTROL OF HAZARDS
IN ELECTRIC ARC WELDING WORKS
1. Electric Shock
Insulate welder. Use rubber mat or dry wood.

Use correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Do not touch electrically “hot” parts or electrode with
bare skin or wet clothing.
Keep electrode holder and cable insulation in good
condition.
16 16
CONTROL OF HAZARDS
2. Fumes and Gases
Proper ventilation at 2,000 cu. ft. per min. of air

per welder.
Provide room with at least 10,000 cu. ft. per welder

with a ceiling height of at least 16 ft.
17 17
CONTROL OF HAZARDS
3. Welding Sparks
Do not weld on containers which have held

combustible materials.
Remove flammable materials from welding area or
provide shields.
Keep fire extinguisher in the welding area.
18 18
CONTROL OF HAZARDS
4. Arc Rays
Always use helmet or mask when welding.

Use correct lenses.
19 19
FILTER SHADE SELECTION
OPERATION ARC MIN. SUGGESTED

CURRENT SHADE SHADE
(amp)
Shielded Metal 60 7 9
Arc Welding
60 - 160 8 10
160 - 250 10 12
250 - 550 11 14
20 20
CONTROL OF HAZARDS
5. General Work Area
Keep cables, materials, tools neatly organized.
Connect work cable as close as possible to area

where welding is being performed.
Always disconnect power to equipment before

servicing.
21 21
HOT WORK
Definition: any work using open
flames or sources of heat that could
ignite materials in the work area.
Examples:
 Welding
 Brazing
 Soldering
 Oxy-acetylene cutting
22 22
HOT WORK PERMITS
A written permit or
authorization before
welding or cutting
operations are allowed (to
the permit receiver/holder)
The area shall be inspected
by the safety man or other
designates (issuer) wherein
the precautions are to
followed to avoid fire or
accidents (by holder). 23 23
HOT WORK PERMITS
Procedures:
Before beginning
hot work, contact
the Fire Marshal,
Safety Officer, or
Maintenance
Manager to have a
Hot Work Permit
issued.
24 24
HOT WORK PERMITS
Time of Effectivity:
Permits are issued for the specific
job and location being done, also
for a specific time period.
The time period is usually for the
working shift, but may never
exceed twenty four (24) hours.
Watchman is to stay within hot
work area no less than one (1) hour
after work is finished.
25 25
26 26
27 27
28 28
29 29
End of Subject!
30 30

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WELDING SAFETY

By: Eng’r. Domz Caneda

 Rises the level of current appropriate for

 Lowers the voltage to a safe level (from

 Provide correct power switch fuses.

Insulate welder. Use rubber mat or dry wood.

Proper ventilation at 2,000 cu. ft. per min. of air

Provide room with at least 10,000 cu. ft. per welder

Do not weld on containers which have held

Always use helmet or mask when welding.

OPERATION ARC MIN. SUGGESTED

Keep cables, materials, tools neatly organized.

Connect work cable as close as possible to area

Always disconnect power to equipment before

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