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    Airmass

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    Vaishnavi Swami
    This document discusses air masses, including their source regions, classification, characteristics, and impact on weather conditions. Air masses are large bodies of air that take on surface characteristics and can influence weather over large areas. There are five main source regions, and air masses are classified as either cold (continental polar, continental arctic) or warm (maritime polar, continental tropical, maritime tropical) based on temperature and moisture content. Air mass characteristics like stability and moisture levels determine the weather they bring, such as clear skies from dry and stable continental polar air or rain from unstable maritime tropical air.

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    Airmass

    Uploaded by

    Vaishnavi Swami
    71 views22 pages
    This document discusses air masses, including their source regions, classification, characteristics, and impact on weather conditions. Air masses are large bodies of air that take on surface characteristics and can influence weather over large areas. There are five main source regions, and air masses are classified as either cold (continental polar, continental arctic) or warm (maritime polar, continental tropical, maritime tropical) based on temperature and moisture content. Air mass characteristics like stability and moisture levels determine the weather they bring, such as clear skies from dry and stable continental polar air or rain from unstable maritime tropical air.

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    Airmass its types and impact on weather conditions.

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    This document discusses air masses, including their source regions, classification, characteristics, and impact on weather conditions. Air masses are large bodies of air that take on surface characteristics and can influence weather over large areas. There are five main source regions, and air masses are classified as either cold (continental polar, continental arctic) or warm (maritime polar, continental tropical, maritime tropical) based on temperature and moisture content. Air mass characteristics like stability and moisture levels determine the weather they bring, such as clear skies from dry and stable continental polar air or rain from unstable maritime tropical air.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    71 views22 pages

    Airmass

    Uploaded by

    Vaishnavi Swami
    This document discusses air masses, including their source regions, classification, characteristics, and impact on weather conditions. Air masses are large bodies of air that take on surface characteristics and can influence weather over large areas. There are five main source regions, and air masses are classified as either cold (continental polar, continental arctic) or warm (maritime polar, continental tropical, maritime tropical) based on temperature and moisture content. Air mass characteristics like stability and moisture levels determine the weather they bring, such as clear skies from dry and stable continental polar air or rain from unstable maritime tropical air.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    CONCEPT OF AIR MASS, ITS TYPE

    AND IMPACT ON WEATHER


    CONDITION

    PRESENTED BY-
    VAISHNAVI SWAMI
    M.A. SEMESTER-I
    ROLL ON.- 10 (PU)
    PATNA UNIVERSITY
    CONTENT
    • INTRODUCTION
    • DEFINITIONS
    • SOURCE REGIONS
    • MODIFICATION IN AIR MASS
    • CLASSIFICATION OF AIR MASS
    • CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR MASS
    • IMPACT OF AIR MASS ON WEATHER CONDITION
    • IMPACT OF AIR MASSES ON WEATHER OF NORTH AMERICA
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
    INTRODUCTION
    • THE AIR MASS CONCEPT WAS DEVELOPED DURING
    WORLD WAR I BY TWO EMINENT NORWEGIAN
    METEOROLOGISTS, VILHELM BJERKNES AND JACOB
    BJERKNES.
    • CREDIT FOR INTRODUCING THE AIR MASS CONCEPT Vilhelm Bjerknes Jacob Bjerknes
    TO THE FIELD OF METEOROLOGY GOES TO TOR
    BERGERON, J. BJERKNES AND SOLBERG.
    • THE CONCEPT ENABLED METEOROLOGISTS TO
    UNDERSTAND VARIOUS WEATHER PHENOMENA
    MORE CLEARLY.
    Tor Bergeron H. Solberg
    DEFINITIONS
    • ACCORDING TO A.N. STRAHLER AND A.H. STRAHLER (1978) “A BODY OF AIR IN WHICH THE
    UPWARD GRADIENTS OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ARE FAIRLY UNIFORM OVER A LARGE
    AREA IS KNOWN AS AN AIR MASS.”
    • ACCORDING TO TREWARTHA AIR MASS IS “AN IMMENSE BODY OF AIR THAT MOVES OVER THE
    EARTH’S LAND-SEA SURFACE AS A RECOGNIZABLE ENTITY, WITH TEMPERATURE AND HUMID
    CHARACTERISTICS WHICH ARE RELATIVELY UNIFORM IN A HORIZONTAL DIRECTION AT
    DIFFERENT LEVELS.”
    • AIR MASS IS A LARGE BODY OF AIR THAT TAKES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA OVER
    WHICH IT LIES.
    • IT HAS NEARLY UNIFORM TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY HORIZONTALLY.
    • IT MAY COVER A LARGE PORTION OF A CONTINENT AND IT MAY VERTICALLY EXTEND THROUGH THE
    TROPOSPHERE.
    • IT REMAINS DISCRETE AND IDENTIFIABLE AS IT MOVES.
    • THERE IS COLD AIR MASS AND WARM AIR MASS.
    SOURCE REGIONS
    • AREAS WHERE AIR MASSES FORM ARE CALLED SOURCE REGION.
    • ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS FOR AN IDEAL SOURCE REGION-
    1. EXTENSIVE AND HOMOGENEOUS EARTH’S SURFACE.
    2. DIVERGENT AIR FLOW.
    • THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SOURCE REGION. THEY ARE-
    1. PRIMARY SOURCE REGION- THESE REGIONS HAVE WELL DEVELOPED FAVOURABLE
    CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF AIR MASS.
    2. SECONDARY SOURCE REGION- EXTENSIVE REGIONS WITH UNIFORM SURFACE OVER WHICH
    AIR FLOW IS GENERALLY NOT STAGNANT.
    • THERE ARE FIVE MAJOR SOURCE REGIONS.
    1. PERMANENTLY ICE COVERED CONTINENTS IN THE
    ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC,
    2. THE VERY COLD SNOW COVERED CONTINENTS IN
    HIGH LATITUDES,
    3. RELATIVELY COLD HIGH LATITUDE OCEANS,
    4. THE SUBTROPICAL HOT DESERTS,
    5. WARM TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL OCEANS.
    MODIFICATIONS IN AIR MASS
    • FOLLOWING ARE THE MAJOR FACTORS WHICH BRING MODIFICATIONS IN AIR MASS-
    • WARMING AND COOLING FROM BELOW,
    • ADDITION OF MOISTURE OR LOSS OF IT,
    • CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE, ETC.

    • THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF AIR MASS MODIFICATIONS. THEY ARE-


    1. THERMODYNAMIC MODIFICATION, AND
    2. MECHANICAL/DYNAMIC MODIFICATION.
    1. THERMODYNAMIC MODIFICATION

    HERE, THE AIR IS MODIFIED DUE TO VARIATIONS IN


    THE TYPE OR NATURE OF THE SURFACE OVER WHICH IT
    PASSES.
    2. MECHANICAL/DYNAMIC MODIFICATION

    AN AIR MASS MAY UNDERGO CHANGES BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING MECHANISMS-


    1. EDDIES
    2. SURFACE FRICTION
    3. DIVERGENCE OR CONVERGENCE
    4. ASCENT OR DESCENT OF AIR MASS
    5. ADVECTION OF WARM OR COLD AIR
    CLASSIFICATION OF AIR MASS
    AIR MASSES SOURCE REGIONS

    Continental Arctic (cA) Arctic landmass

    Continental Polar (cP) Siberia, Greenland, Canada

    Maritime Polar (mP) High-latitude Oceans


    North Pacific (Bering Sea)
    North Atlantic (Norwegian Sea)
    Continental Tropics (cT) Subtropical hot deserts
    Sahara
    Maritime Tropics (mT) Subtropical Oceans
    CLASSIFICATION OF AIR MASS
    CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR MASS
    1. CONTINENTAL ARCTIC AIR MASS
    • SOURCE REGION-ARCTIC LANDMASSES
    • EXTREMELY COLD AND DRY
    2. CONTINENTAL POLAR AIR MASS
    • SOURCE REGION- SIBERIA, CANADA, GREENLAND
    • DRY, COLD AND STABLE
    • WINTER WEATHER- FRIGID, CLEAR AND STABLE
    • SUMMER WEATHER- BRINGS COOLING RELIEF
    TO THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES
    3. MARITIME POLAR AIR MASS
    • SOURCE REGION- OCEANS BETWEEN 40° AND 60° LATITUDES
    • COOL, MOIST AND UNSTABLE
    • CREATES MILD WEATHER
    4. CONTINENTAL TROPICAL AIR MASS
    • SOURCE REGION- SUB-TROPICAL DESERTS
    • DRY, HOT AND STABLE
    5. MARITIME TROPICAL AIR MASS
    • SOURCE REGION- OCEANS IN TROPICS AND SUB-TROPICS
    • WARM, HUMID AND UNSTABLE
    • WINTER WEATHER- MILD TEMPERATURE, OVERCAST SKIES, FOG
    • SUMMER WEATHER- HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH HUMIDITY, CONVENTIONAL RAINFALL
    IMPACT OF AIR MASS ON WEATHER
    • THE TWO MAJOR PROPERTIES OF AN AIR MASS WHICH
    CONTROL THE WEATHER ARE-
    1. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE,
    AND
    2. MOISTURE CONTENT.
    • THE AIR MASSES REMOVE LATITUDINAL IMBALANCES
    IN HEAT.
    • THE AIR MASSES CAUSE PRECIPITATION OVER
    LANDMASSES.
    • CYCLONES AND STORMS ORIGINATE AT FRONT.
    IMPACT OF AIR MASSES ON THE WEATHER OF NORTH AMERICA
    CONCLUSION

    AIR MASSES ARE PARCELS OF AIR THAT BRING DISTINCTIVE WEATHER FEATURES TO THE COUNTRY. AIR
    MASSES CAN CONTROL THE WEATHER FOR A RELATIVELY LONG TIME PERIOD: FROM A PERIOD OF
    DAYS, TO MONTHS. MOST WEATHER OCCURS ALONG THE PERIPHERY OF THESE AIR MASSES AT
    BOUNDARIES CALLED FRONT. AIR MASSES ARE ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR MACRO-CLIMATIC CHANGES.
    REFERENCES
    • SAVINDRA SINGH (2015) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
    • D.S. LAL (2005) CLIMATOLOGY
    • N.C.E.R.T., CLASS 11TH PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
    • WWW.PMFIAS.COM
    • WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
    • WWW.METLINK.ORG
    • WWW.SCIENCING.ORG

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