Part of Speech

Bahasa Inggris (PWT 1.08)

Emmy Kardinasari, M.Sc.

Pangkalpinang, 22nd January 2020
Note From Miss Em!
• Please be sure that you are ready to learn 
• Be patient!
• Ask question!
• Believe in yourself!
• You are able and capable of understanding English!
• You will love English!
• You will use English!
• English is fun!
• Have fun and enjoy!!!
Part of Speech
Part of speech consists of 8 main parts, these parts build
a sentence.
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Conjunction
7. Preposition
8. Interjection
Noun
• A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Nouns are the subject of a sentence.

• person place thing

 NOUN
- A word that names a person, a place, a
thing, or an idea.
Proper nouns name a particular person, place, thing
or idea and begin with a capital letter. (United States,
June, and Lowes)
Common nouns do not name a particular person,
place or thing and do not need capitalization.
(country, month, and school)
 Practice!
Find the nouns in the following sentence: (Remember!...a
noun is a person, place, thing, or idea)

1. Mark and Jennifer have a son.

2. There are many people in this classroom who are missing
assignments.
3. I am ready for Thanksgiving.
4. The man in the mirror was no one but himself.
5. I have never been so upset in my life!

*Your turn: Write 2 sentences and identify the nouns in your

sentences.
 Pronoun
• A pronoun can replace a noun.

• Example:

• Thara----He
• Sammy-----She
• Thara and Sammy-----They
 PRONOUNS
- A word used instead of a noun. It is
a substitute for a noun.

Jim outran the animals.

He outran them.
Other examples: (he, him, his, she, her, hers, and it)
 PRONOUN TYPES:
Possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, whose,
theirs
Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
Objective: me, you, him, her, it, us, whom, them
Subjective: I, you, he, she, it, we, who, they
Reflexive: myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves,
themselves
Indefinite: anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody
 PRACTICE!
Identify the pronouns in the following sentences:

1. They have never been so happy.

2. It was a really good day today.
3. She was upset with herself for failing it.
4. You and I should take a walk.
5. The candy is neither yours nor mine.
*Your turn! Write 2 sentences and identify the pronouns
in the sentences.
 PRONOUNS (cont’d)
• The noun to which the pronoun refers is called the
antecedent.
• For example:
Allen got off work at seven, then he went home.
He=pronoun and Allen=antecedent.

Maria is a very bright student; she made all A’s on her

report card.

She, Her=pronouns Maria=antecedent

 What is a verb?
• There are two types of verbs that we will
look out closely:

• Action Verb

• Linking Verb
 VERB
- The main word in the predicate of a
sentence that expresses action or being.

Action verbs tell what the subject does.(sing)

Verb phrases are verbs made up of more than one word. (is studying)
Other verbs are called helping or auxiliary verbs. (has, have)
 Action verbs
• Action verbs express action, something
that a person, animal, force of nature, or
thing can do

Playing Driving
 Linking/ Helping Verb
• Linking verbs, on the other hand, do not express
action. Instead, they connect the subject of a verb to
additional information about the subject.

• Any form of the verb “Be”

• Am
• Were
• Has
• Been
• Are being
• is
 VERBS PRACTICE
• Identify the verbs in the following sentences: Remember…verbs can show
action or link one part of the sentence to the next.

1. Marion was the first woman to become Vice President.

2. I love him.
3. There is a large group of students in the hallway.
4. She danced all night long.
5. I will be 18 next month.
*Your turn! Write two sentences with action verbs and 2
sentences with linking verbs. Identify them!
 Adjective
• Adjectives are words that describe or
modify another person or thing in
the sentence

• Adjectives are descriptive words!

 ADJECTIVE
- A word that describes or modifies a noun or
pronoun.
One adjective can change the meaning of a whole
sentence.

It was a boring day. It was an exciting day.

An adjective can tell what kind, which one, or how
many.
 Adjective

• Descriptive adjectives: Describe the noun.

Ex: red house tall man large hut

Limiting Adjectives: Limits or specifies the noun

Ex: high school student, two teams, every
employee
 ADJECTIVE PRACTICE
Identify the following adjectives and tell if they are
limiting or descriptive:

1. There are many good students in high school.

2. She was grateful for the interview.
3. I am a very intelligent person.
4. The basketball team was very adept in knowing the
difficult plays.
5. The bluish-green sky was a beautiful sight to see.

Your turn! Write two sentences with adjectives in them

and identify them!
 Adverbs
 Adverbs are words that modify
*a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
*an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast
was his car?)
*another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the
aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

 Some adverbs can be identified by their

characteristic "ly" suffix
 Answers questions such as: "how," "when,"
"where," "how much".
 ADVERBS PRACTICE
• Identify the following adverbs; then write out the question
that corresponds to the adverb:
Ex: She ran fast in the race. (How did she run?)

1. Niar danced very well.

2. I swiftly ran after the ball.
3. Haikal angrily slammed the door shut after screaming very
loudly at his roommate.
4. Lailan is a very happy person to be around.
5. The night crept up stealthily like a burglar in a house.

*Your turn! Write two sentences with adverbs in them and

identify them!
 Conjunctions
• A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects
(conjoins) parts of a sentence.
• Menggabungkan 2 kalimat menjadi suatu kalimat
utuh.

• Coordinating Conjunctions
• And
• Or
• But
• For
• Nor
• So
• Yet
 Conjunctions
 Subordinating conjunction merupakan kata
hubung yang menggabungkan dua kalimat
yang saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Ada
hubungan ketergantungan antara kalimat satu
dnegan yang lain.

The most common subordinating conjunctions

are: after, although, as, because, before, how, if,
once, since, than, that, though, until, when,
where, whether, and while.
 Conjunctions
 Correlative conjunctions menghubungkan dua
kalimat yang setara walaupun tidak terkait.

The most common correlative conjunctions

are:
both...and, either...or, neither...nor,
not only...but also, so...as, and whether...or
 CONJ. Practice!
• Identify the conjunctions in the following sentences;
then, tell what type of conj. they are.

1. Lara and I will go out tonight.

2. After the movie, let’s go out to eat.
3. Neither Liyya nor Daniel ate lunch.
4. My true passion in life is writing, and I hope to get
published soon.
5. SIdney makes good grades because she studies every
night.
6. Either you will put forth effort in your classes or you
will not do your best.
 Prepositions
A preposition menghubungkan nouns, pronouns dan
frase ke kata lainnya di dalam satu kalimat. Example: at,
under, over, of, to, in, out, beneath, beyond, for, among,
after, before, within, down, up, during, without, with,
outside, inside, beside, between, by, on, out, from,
until, toward, throughout, across, above, about, around.
 Examples:
The book is on the table.
The book is beneath the table.
The book is leaning against the table.
The book is beside the table.
She held the book over the table.
She read the book during class.
 Object of the preposition
The Object of the Preposition
Kenali object pada preposisi, letaknya setelah preposisi.

Prepositions often begin prepositional phrases. To

complete the phrase, the preposition usually teams up
with a noun, pronoun, or gerund, or the object of the
preposition.

Here are some examples:

At noon
At = preposition; noon = noun or the object of the preposition.
Behind them
Behind = preposition; them = pronoun or the object of the
preposition.
 Object of the preposition
 Without sneezing
 Without = preposition; sneezing = gerund or the object of the
preposition.

 The object of the preposition will often have modifiers that add
description:
 At the kitchen counter
 At = preposition; the, kitchen = modifiers; counter = noun or
the object of the preposition.

 Between us only
 Between = preposition; us = pronoun or the object of the
preposition; only = modifier.
 Without completely finishing
 Without = preposition; completely = modifier; finishing = gerund or
the object of the preposition.
 Object of the preposition
Infrequently, a clause will be the object of the
preposition, as in this example:

In class today, we talked about what Mr. Dimas expects

in our next research essay.

About = preposition; what Mr. Dimas expects in our

next research essay = noun clause or the object of the
preposition.
 Preposition Practice
Identify the prepositions in the following sentences, then
identify the object of the preposition.

1. I don’t want to go before the judge tomorrow.

2. Andrew tossed the ball into the air.
3. Sienna quickly ran across the yard.
4. Christian walked inside the house to get his dad.
5. Kalvin is a great musician and often plays shows
around the country.

*Make a list of all the prepositions you can think of.

 Prepositions vs. conjunctions
Prepositions are connecting words.
Prepositions are words like: on, over, to, from,
about, for, against, with, between, etc.
In general, a preposition “glues” a noun or
pronoun into a sentence.
That is, a preposition is only able to connect a
noun element into a sentence.

Preposition=Introduces a noun into the sentence.

 Prepositions vs. conjunctions
Conjunctions are also connecting words, but they
can do much more than a preposition.
Conjunctions are words like: and, but, or, because,
then, etc.
In contrast to a preposition, a conjunction can
connect any two like elements together in a
sentence.
Most notably, conjunctions have the ability to
connect verbs together.
This means that conjunctions can connect two
sentences together.
Conjunctions=introduce verbs
PREPOSITIONS VS. CONJUNCTIONS
Practice:
• Decide whether each underlined word is a
preposition or a conjunction. Explain your answer.
1. I want to read a good book beside the tree.
2. After we danced, we out for a walk.
3. While you were away, you missed lots of work.
4. She sent him a text instead of speaking.
5. He left the room without talking to anyone.
6. The train had to stop because of the weather.
PREPOSITIONS VS. CONJUNCTIONS
Practice:
• Decide whether each underlined word is a
preposition or a conjunction. Explain your answer.
1. I want to read a good book beside the tree.
2. After we danced, we out for a walk.
3. While you were away, you missed lots of work.
4. She sent him a text instead of speaking.
5. He left the room without talking to anyone.
6. The train had to stop because of the weather.
 Interjection!
• An interjection at the beginning of a sentence is
followed by an exclamation mark or comma at
times. etc:
• Wow! That was the best goal of the entire
tournament.
• Oh, I forgot to bring my book!
• Great! We can leave now.
 Interjection!
• Interjections are not words that are connected as
other parts of a sentence, but merely sounds
standing by themselves.
• Interjections are also used to express some types of
emotion such as disgust (yuck!), joy (yeah!),
excitement, enthusiasm, etc.
• Interjections have no grammatical relation to any
word or group of words in the sentence
(independent elements). etc:
 Interjection!
• Alas! This is the end.
• Hey! Do you know where you’re going?
• Bah! That’s all nonsense.
• Oh! I can’t believe that.
• Good! I am thrilled to hear that.
• Horrors! Look at the mess!
• Great! Keep up the hard work.
• Well! When do you intend to pay for it?
Thank you