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    CHAPTER 13.thermodynamics

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    Steven Sison
    This document discusses redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions and provides rules for determining oxidation numbers. It explains that redox reactions involve the loss or gain of electrons by reactants, with oxidation occurring when electrons are lost and reduction when electrons are gained. Rules are given for calculating the oxidation number of elements in compounds, such as that the oxidation number of oxygen is typically -2 and the sum of oxidation numbers in neutral compounds is zero. Examples are provided of using the rules to determine the oxidation number of elements in various ions.

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    CHAPTER 13.thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Steven Sison
    77 views7 pages
    This document discusses redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions and provides rules for determining oxidation numbers. It explains that redox reactions involve the loss or gain of electrons by reactants, with oxidation occurring when electrons are lost and reduction when electrons are gained. Rules are given for calculating the oxidation number of elements in compounds, such as that the oxidation number of oxygen is typically -2 and the sum of oxidation numbers in neutral compounds is zero. Examples are provided of using the rules to determine the oxidation number of elements in various ions.

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    CHAPTER 13.Thermodynamics

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    This document discusses redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions and provides rules for determining oxidation numbers. It explains that redox reactions involve the loss or gain of electrons by reactants, with oxidation occurring when electrons are lost and reduction when electrons are gained. Rules are given for calculating the oxidation number of elements in compounds, such as that the oxidation number of oxygen is typically -2 and the sum of oxidation numbers in neutral compounds is zero. Examples are provided of using the rules to determine the oxidation number of elements in various ions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    77 views7 pages

    CHAPTER 13.thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Steven Sison
    This document discusses redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions and provides rules for determining oxidation numbers. It explains that redox reactions involve the loss or gain of electrons by reactants, with oxidation occurring when electrons are lost and reduction when electrons are gained. Rules are given for calculating the oxidation number of elements in compounds, such as that the oxidation number of oxygen is typically -2 and the sum of oxidation numbers in neutral compounds is zero. Examples are provided of using the rules to determine the oxidation number of elements in various ions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    CHAPTER 13

    RedOx Reactions
    Reduction – Oxidation Reactions

     The Mnemonics:
    LEORAION GEROADON

    Increase # of charge Decrease # of charge


    Reducing Agent Oxidizing Agent
    Oxidation Reduction
    Loss of electrons Gain of electrons
    Rules for Oxidation Number

     Oxidation number of element in its natural state


    is zero.
     Oxidation number of ions is equal to its charge
     The sum of individual oxidation numbers of all the
    atoms in a neutral compound is zero.
     The sum of individual oxidation numbers of all the
    atoms in an ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
    Rules for Oxidation Number

     In compounds, oxidation number of:


    H when combined with nonmetals is +1, and when
    combined with metals is -1
     Oxygen except when combined with Fluorine (O =
    +2) or in peroxides and superoxide is -2
     Halogens (Cl, Br, I) except when in combination
    with oxygen is -1
     Group 1 metals is +1 and group 2 metals is +2
    Rules for Oxidation Number
     Example: ClO4- , oxidation number of Cl?
    let x be the oxidation number of Cl and from the rules
    oxidation number of O is -2, and the overall charge is -1
    then:

    x + 4(-2) = -1, solving for x


    x = +7 = oxidation number of Cl

    Why 4?
    4 because it is the number oxygen in the ion
    Rules for Oxidation Number
     Example: K2Cr2O7 , oxidation number of Cr?
    let x be the oxidation number of Cr and from the rules
    oxidation number of O is -2, K is +1, and the overall
    charge is 0, then

    2(+1) + 2x + 7(-2) = 0, solving for x


    x = +6 = oxidation number of Cr

    Why 2 and 7?
    2 and 7 because it is the number potassium and
    chromium, and oxygen in the compound, respectively
    Exercise

     Compute for the oxidation number of the following


    underlined elements.
    a) NO3-1 Answer: 5 c) AsO4-3   Answer: 5
    b) CrO4-2 Answer: 6 d) S2O3-2 Answer: 2
     Tell which of the following reactions undergo reduction or
    oxidation.
    a) CH  CH OOH Answer: Oxidation
    4 2

    b) MnO2  MnO4- Answer: Oxidation


    Answer: Reduction
    c) ClO3-  Cl-
    Answer: Reduction
    3+ 2+

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