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    Module 4 - Common Emergencies

    Uploaded by

    John Patrick De Castro
    1. The document provides information on first aid management for various injuries and medical conditions including foreign body airway obstructions, bleeding, wounds, burns, head injuries, fractures, fainting, and heat-related illnesses. 2. First aid techniques are presented for controlling bleeding, treating wounds, immobilizing fractures, positioning fainted or unconscious individuals, and cooling down those suffering from heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 3. Proper first aid management is aimed at preventing infection, further injury, and complications while waiting for emergency medical personnel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 4 - Common Emergencies

    Uploaded by

    John Patrick De Castro
    700 views53 pages
    1. The document provides information on first aid management for various injuries and medical conditions including foreign body airway obstructions, bleeding, wounds, burns, head injuries, fractures, fainting, and heat-related illnesses. 2. First aid techniques are presented for controlling bleeding, treating wounds, immobilizing fractures, positioning fainted or unconscious individuals, and cooling down those suffering from heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 3. Proper first aid management is aimed at preventing infection, further injury, and complications while waiting for emergency medical personnel.

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    1. The document provides information on first aid management for various injuries and medical conditions including foreign body airway obstructions, bleeding, wounds, burns, head injuries, fractures, fainting, and heat-related illnesses. 2. First aid techniques are presented for controlling bleeding, treating wounds, immobilizing fractures, positioning fainted or unconscious individuals, and cooling down those suffering from heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 3. Proper first aid management is aimed at preventing infection, further injury, and complications while waiting for emergency medical personnel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    700 views53 pages

    Module 4 - Common Emergencies

    Uploaded by

    John Patrick De Castro
    1. The document provides information on first aid management for various injuries and medical conditions including foreign body airway obstructions, bleeding, wounds, burns, head injuries, fractures, fainting, and heat-related illnesses. 2. First aid techniques are presented for controlling bleeding, treating wounds, immobilizing fractures, positioning fainted or unconscious individuals, and cooling down those suffering from heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 3. Proper first aid management is aimed at preventing infection, further injury, and complications while waiting for emergency medical personnel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    Occupational First Aid & CPR / AED Course

    Foreign-Body Airway Obstructions


    Also known as choking, is a
    common breathing emergency that
    occurs when the person’s airway is
    partially or completely blocked by
    a foreign object, such as a piece of
    food or a small toy; by swelling in
    the mouth or throat; or by fluids,
    such as vomit or blood.
    Two Types of Obstruction
    1. Anatomical Obstruction.
    When tongue drops back and obstructs the
    throat. Other causes are acute asthma, croup,
    diphtheria, swelling and whooping cough.
    2. Mechanical Obstruction.
    When foreign objects lodged in the pharynx
    or airways; solid or liquid accumulate in the
    back of the throat.
    Abdominal / Chest thrust
    Is a first aid procedure that is performed on a person who
    is chocking. This is done by applying pressure on the upper
    abdomen or at the chest at the center of the breastbone
    from the back so as to remove the chocking object.
    Bleeding
    Bleeding is the loss of blood escaping from the
    circulatory system.
    Bleeding and Shock cont…

    Techniques to Control Bleeding


     Direct Pressure
     Pressure Bandage
    Closed Wound
    A closed wound is a
    wound where the
    outer layer of the
    skin is intact and the
    damage lies below
    the surface.
    First Aid Management
     Apply an ice pack.
     Elevate the injured part.
     Do not assume that all closed wounds
    are minor injuries.
     Help the person to rest.
     Provide comfort and reassure the
    person.
    Open Wound
    In an open wound, the
    outer layer of skin is broken.
    The break in the skin can be
    as minor as a scrape of the
    surface layers or as severe
    as a deep penetration.
    Types of
    Open Wounds
    Puncture
    Abrasion
    Avulsion
    Laceration
    Amputation
    First Aid Management
    General care for open wounds includes controlling bleeding, preventing
    infection and using dressings and bandages correctly.

    Minor Open Wounds


     Use a barrier between your hand and the wound.
     Apply direct pressure.
     Wash abrasions and other superficial wounds.
     Apply a Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) antiseptic solution or, if
    available, a triple antibiotic ointment or cream.
     Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
     Wash your hands immediately after giving care.
    Major Open Wounds
     Call the local emergency number.
     Put on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
     Control bleeding by applying direct pressure or
    employing a pressure bandage.
     Monitor airway and breathing.
     In cases where the injured party is in shock, keep him or
    her from experiencing chills or feeling overheated.
     Have the person rest comfortably and provide
    reassurance.
     Wash your hands immediately after giving care.
    Burns
    Burns are injuries to the skin and to other body
    tissues that is caused by heat, chemicals, electricity,
    or radiation.
    First Aid Management
    Thermal Burns
     Check the scene for safety.
     Stop the burning by removing the victim from the source of the
    burn.
     Check for life-threatening conditions.
     Cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water.
     Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing.
     Prevent infection. Do not break blisters.
     Apply a triple antibiotic ointment if the person has no known
    allergies or sensitivities to the medication.
     Take steps to minimize shock.
     Comfort and re-assure the victim.
    First Aid Management
    Chemical Burns
     Remove the chemical from the skin as quickly as
    possible.
     Flush the burn with large amounts of cool running water.
     If an eye is burned by a chemical, flush the affected eye
    with water until advanced medical personnel take over.
     If possible, have the person remove contaminated
    clothes to prevent the spread of infection while you
    continue to flush the area.
    First Aid Management
    Electrical Burns
     Never go near the person until you are sure that he or she is no
    longer in contact with the power source.
     Turn off the power at its source and be aware of any life threatening
    conditions.
     Call the local emergency number.
     Be aware that electrocution can cause cardiac and respiratory
    emergencies.
     Care for shock and thermal burns.
     Look for entry and exit wounds and give appropriate care.
     Remember that anyone suffering from electric shock requires
    advanced medical attention.
    First Aid Management
    Radiation Burns
     Care for a radiation burn, i.e. sunburn, as you would for
    any thermal burn.
     Always cool the burn and protect the area from further
    damage by keeping the person away from the burn
    source.
    Bandaging
    Techniques
    (Triangular Bandage)
    Top of the Head
    Forehead or Eye
    Ear, Cheek or Jaw
    Chest
    Shoulder
    Arm or Leg
    Palm
    Hand or Foot
    Bandaging
    Techniques
    (Roller Bandage)
    Circular
    Spiral
    Figure-of-Eight
    Head and Spine Injuries
    Types of Injury:
     Head injury
     Concussion
     Spinal injury
    First Aid Management
    • Call the local emergency number.
    • Minimize movement of the head, neck and
    back.
    • Check for life-threatening conditions.
    • Maintain open airways.
    • Monitor consciousness and breathing.
    • Control any external bleeding with direct
    pressure unless the bleeding is located
    directly over a suspected fracture.
    • Help victim normal body temperature.
    Bones, Joints and Muscle Injuries

    Types
    • Strain
    • Sprain
    • Dislocation
    • Fracture
    .
    First Aid Management
    • R – Rest
    • I – Immobilize
    • C – Cold
    • E – Elevate
    Immobilization
    Techniques
    Principles of Immobilization
    • Check PMS ( Perfusion, Motor & Sensory) before
    and after immobilizing.
    • If the BONE is injured immobilize the joint below
    and above the bone
    • If the JOINT is injured immobilize the bone below
    and above the joint
    • Immobilize the injured part on which you found it.
    • Never put pressure knot on the site of the fracture.
    Sling and Binder
    Anatomic Splint
    Soft Splint
    Rigid Splint
    Fainting
    Fainting is a partial or complete loss of consciousness
    resulting from a temporary reduction of blood flow to
    the brain.
    First Aid Management
    • Position the victim on his or her back.
    • Keep the victim in a lying position.
    • Loosen any restrictive clothing, such as a tie or a
    buttoned-up collar.
    • Check for any other life-threatening and non-life-
    threatening conditions.
    • Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink.
    Heat – Related Emergencies
    Heat Exhaustion
    - is a milder form of heat-
    related illness that can
    develop after exposure to
    high temperatures. This
    may also be a result of
    inadequate fluid intake or
    the insufficient
    replacement of fluids.
    First Aid Management
    • Remove the patient from the hot
    environment. Fan the body, place ice bags,
    or spray water on the skin.
    • Start oral rehydration with a beverage
    containing salt, or make them drink an
    Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS).
    Heat Stroke
    - is a form of
    hyperthermia.
    Prolonged exposure
    to high temperatures
    can contribute to
    failure of the body’s
    temperature control
    system.
    First Aid Management
    • Call or have someone call the local emergency number.
    • Move the person into a cool place, a shaded area, or an
    air-conditioned room.
    • Cool the patient immediately by immersing him/her in
    water.
    • If water immersion is not possible or is delayed, the
    following actions can be performed: Douse the patient
    with copious amounts of cold water, spray the patient
    with water, fan the patient, or cover the patient with ice
    towels or surround the patient with ice bags.
    • Respond to any life-threatening conditions that may
    come about.

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