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    Imperforate Anus

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    Nalzaro Emyril
    Imperforate anus is a congenital defect where the opening to the anus is blocked or missing. It occurs during fetal development when the lower bowels fail to connect. It can range from a simple blockage to complex anomalies involving other organs. Diagnosis is made at birth through exams, x-rays, or ultrasounds. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve dilation of a stenosis or surgery to connect the bowels. Postoperative care focuses on bonding, temperature monitoring, stool softeners, and colostomy management if needed.

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    Imperforate Anus

    Uploaded by

    Nalzaro Emyril
    261 views17 pages
    Imperforate anus is a congenital defect where the opening to the anus is blocked or missing. It occurs during fetal development when the lower bowels fail to connect. It can range from a simple blockage to complex anomalies involving other organs. Diagnosis is made at birth through exams, x-rays, or ultrasounds. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve dilation of a stenosis or surgery to connect the bowels. Postoperative care focuses on bonding, temperature monitoring, stool softeners, and colostomy management if needed.

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    Imperforate anus is a congenital defect where the opening to the anus is blocked or missing. It occurs during fetal development when the lower bowels fail to connect. It can range from a simple blockage to complex anomalies involving other organs. Diagnosis is made at birth through exams, x-rays, or ultrasounds. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve dilation of a stenosis or surgery to connect the bowels. Postoperative care focuses on bonding, temperature monitoring, stool softeners, and colostomy management if needed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    261 views17 pages

    Imperforate Anus

    Uploaded by

    Nalzaro Emyril
    Imperforate anus is a congenital defect where the opening to the anus is blocked or missing. It occurs during fetal development when the lower bowels fail to connect. It can range from a simple blockage to complex anomalies involving other organs. Diagnosis is made at birth through exams, x-rays, or ultrasounds. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve dilation of a stenosis or surgery to connect the bowels. Postoperative care focuses on bonding, temperature monitoring, stool softeners, and colostomy management if needed.

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    IMPERFORATE ANUS

    Imperforate anus-consist of
    atresia of the anus, with the
    rectum ending in a blind pouch.
    • Imperforate anus is congenital (present from
    birth) defect in which the opening to the anus
    is missing or blocked. The anus is the opening
    to the rectum through which stools leave the
    body.
    • Causes, incidence, and risk factors
    Imperforate anus may occur in several forms. The
    rectum may end in a blind pouch that does not
    connect with the colon. Or, it may have openings
    to the urethra, bladder, base of penis or scrotum
    in boys, or vagina in girls. A condition of stenosis
    (narrowing) of the anus or absence of the anus
    may be present.
    • The problem is caused by abnormal development
    of the fetus, and many forms of imperforate anus
    are associated with other birth defects. It is a
    relatively common condition that occurs in about
    1 out of 5,000 infants.
    Pathophysiology
    7th week of intrauterine life

    upper bowel elongates to pouch

    combine pouch invaginating


    from perineum

    bowel section meet

    membranes absorbed

    bowel is patent

    IMPERFORATE ANUS
    DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    • Condition is diagnosed during the
    newborn examination with:
    • -radiography
    • -ultrasound or CT
    use to determine the level of the lesions
    and associated anomalies.
    *Urine test-to examine the presence of
    meconium.
    Symptoms include:
    -failure to pass meconium stool
    -absence of anorectal canal
    -presence of anal membrane
    -external fistula to the perineum
    THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

    1. Anal stenosis is treated with repeated


    dilation.

    2. All other defects require surgical


    intervention.

    3. High defects may require a colostomy and


    bowel pull-through procedure.
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    4. Assess for other GI or genitourinary
    anomalies.

    5. Facilitate bonding.

    6. Provide appropriate postoperative care,


    including care of colostomy.
    • NURSING MANAGEMENT AFTER SURGERY

    • Take axillary or tympanic temperature rather


    than rectal temperature to avoid loosening a
    suture.
    • Infants may be given a stool softener daily to
    keep the stool from becoming hard and tearing
    the healing suture line.
    • Placing a diaper, the infant maybe helpful so
    bowel movements can be cleanse away.
    • A side lying position is best.
    HOME AND TEACHING CARE
    1. Teach parents colostomy care.
    2. Demonstrate anal dilatation( use only
    prescribed dilator, insert no more than 1-
    2cm, and use a water-soluble lubricant.
    3. Refer parents for counseling and support.
    MEDICATION
    • Many children with anorectal malformations
    require medications for various reasons.
    Beyond perioperative medications,
    maintenance medications often include
    urinary antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
    and/or laxatives.
    Common laxatives include senna products, milk
    of magnesia, and propylene glycol solutions
    (eg, MiraLax, GlycoLax).
    • Urinary prophylaxis is used to mitigate the risk of
    urinary infection and urosepsis in children with
    risk factors for urinary infection such as urinary
    fistula, vesicoureteral reflux, or continent
    diversion. Common agents include oral
    amoxicillin, oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,
    and gentamicin bladder irrigations.
    • REFERENCES:
    • Maternal Child Health Nursing,Vol.1
    • Maternal Child health Nursing, evolve
    • Modern Medical Guide,Shryock

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