LESSON 7 : DANCE

Dance
dance is an art form involving a
series of rhythmic human
movements that are purposefully
selected. Dance should be easily
differentiate from movement or
utilitarian movement, dance
involves a mindful effort to combine
movements spatially, dynamically
rhythmically, and artful in order for
these movements to flow together.
Elements of dance

• Body Element – This describes how

the body is moving, what actions
are performed, and how body
aligns and supports itself.
• Space – this focuses on the area
where the dance is performed
terms such as direction, size, focus,
distance, level, and elevation can
be used in describing the use of
space in dance
• Time – terms such as accent, beat, duration,
meter, rhythm, and acceleration san be used
in describing time.
• Energy – this element describes how energy is
directed through the body, and how the
body releases it, in some references, this is
referred to as dynamics.
• Relationship – Relationship may mean how a
dancer relates to another dancer, how he or
she relates to an objects, or how he or she
relates to the group of dancers. It could also
mean how a person relates to the stage and
to production elements in short, relationship
involves the awareness of dancers on their
environment.
 Forms and types of dance in the
Philippines

During the contemporary period, folk

dance companies continue to performed
Filipino adaptions of dancer from Europe
and the united states. These dances
include fandango, habañera, jota,
mazurka, rigaudon, polka, schottishsche,
valse, and other quadrille dances. Ballet
companies also flourished as well as
groups who specialize in jazz and modern
dance. These forms and types are further
discussed below
Folk Dance
• These refer to the dances that are
developed and performed together
by ordinary people. Folk dances
include ceremonial, combative,
courtship, exorcism, funeral, game,
torture, comic, and religious dances.
• Courtship and wedding dances - A Courtship
dance is a ceremonial dance which involves
the male pursuing the female. The courtship
dance Is typically performed during special
occasions. Examples of courtship dances are
kumintang and kuratsa.

wedding dances, on the other hand, are

performed by newlyweds. This performance
aims to celebrate relationships that have been
newly formed by the couple, their families are
relatives. Examples of wedding dances are
Mascota in Cagayan and Isabela, and
pantomina in Bicol.
• Game Dances - These folk dances are
usually acted for fun, but have a set of
rules and structure. Usually done in
informal social gatherings, these
dances are also played to test the skills
of the dancers.
• Martial dance – Tis type of dance is
combative in nature and is used to
enact a battle. Martial dances may
exhibit un armed execution, or
confrontation using arms or weapons.
The langka of samal is a good
example of martial dance.
• Mimetic dance – these are dances
that aim to imitate actual or real life
movements. Mimetic dances may be
categorized into animal dances and
occupational dances The latter
portrays everyday activities in the
community.
• Ritual dance – this involves dancing ti spiritual
beings and gods. The shaman who usually directs
the dance, and the supplicants perform the dance
t ask for blessings, good health, or victory in war.
They may also perform ritual dancing as form of
gratitude to the gods for blessings received or
prayers answered.
• Social Dancing – social dancing is primarily
performed to celebrate important milestones in life,
and to mark harvest. This is also performed among
christians as a way of commemorating the feasts of
patron saints or visit of personages. Examples of
dancing are balse, escotis ,habanera, jota
lanceros, polka, rigodon de honor, and subli.
• Song Dance - this refers to a dance
performed to a song, which typically
describes history and traditions os a
community. This dance involves acting
out the meaning of the song using
gestuers and movements Balitaw
and lunsay are examples of song
dance.
Ballet
• Ballet is a theatrical dance
presentation in which a plot is
integrated with dancing, music, and
stage designs. It is also defined as the
style and technique of dancing strictly
based od a theatrical dance school.
Ballet is further classified into modern
ballet, opera ballet, and folkloric
ballet.
 TYPES OF BALLET

• Modern ballet – utilize the

technique and style of classical
ballet in portraying contemporary
content. Techniques in modern
dance may be adapted in
modern ballet, such as bound and
rebound, and contraction and
release. Modern ballet may also
use natural movement.
• Opera Ballet – on the hand, is
defined as dance within the
context of an opera, rock opera
ballet, which began in the 1970’s,
is an offshoot of an opera ballet.
• Folkloric ballet – is a type of ballet
that involves stylizing and editing
stories, motifs and styles found in
the culture of ordinary people,
and adapting these materials to
contemporary theater.
Modern dance
 This refers to a dance form
that emerged during the 20th
century. This dance form is still
considered theatrical but it
veers away from the technique
and style of ballet.
OTHER FORMS OF MODERN DANCE

• Aerobic dance – This is Primarily

dancing to the tune of popular
music with the purpose of
increasing consumption of oxygen
over a long period of time.
• Bodabil Dancing – This form of dancing
used to be popular during the
American period. It included popular
dances from the United States, and
Philippine folk dances. Bodabil
dancing, when combined with mime,
singing of ballads , and acrobatics,
offers a perception of life during those
times in satirical way. However,
popularity of this vaudeville act
became confined in provincial fiestas
and in television and radio variety
shows.
Jazz dance – This dance form uses
African dance techniques like isolation
of individual human body parts, rhythm,
and polycentrism. Later movements
from other social dances were fused
into jazz. Nowadays there are people
who are into modern jazz, whish is a mix
of original jazz dance and steps from
dances during the second half of the
20th century.
• Polynesian and Tahetian dance -
These dances began from the people
living in Polynesian chain, whish is
comprised with seven major island
groups in the southern part of the
Pacific Ocean. These dances, such as
hula, were introduced in the
Philippines during the late 1950’s
• Tap Dance – this is a dance which
entails tapping with toes and heels to
generate rhythmic patterns.
LESSON 8 : THEATER
 The term theater refer to an art form
that involves performing carefully planned
actions and emotions in front of an
audience. It has sic elements
Philippine theater is describe as a
wide range of mimetic performances that
were created and presented during
occasions. These performances are also
presented with specific social objectives in
mind.
 ELEMENTS OF THEATER

• Performers – These are persons who are

onstage and portray their characters in a
convincing way for the audience.

• Audience – the performers have to present

in front of an audience and connect with
them . The tend to respond to the energy
the audience shows while watching the
play.
• Director – the director serves as an overseer
to the entire production. He or she ensures
that the production design works well.

• Performance space – This element may refer

to the space in whish the actors can
perform it may also refer to the space for
the audience to sit or stand.
• Design – the design is essential in
placing the overall feel of the
production there are two aspects
of design visual aspects include
lighting, set and costumes, while
nonvisual aspects primarily include
sound

• Text – This refer to the script. This

must be present in particular play
or production
 FORMS AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE
THEATER
A typology of Philippine theater was developed
based on another typology created by Dr. Prospero
R. Covar, a Filipino anthropologist that in this
typology, there are four dramatic tradition base on
where contemporary theater takes place: The
dulang Pahiyang (rituals), The DulamBayan (Peoples
theather), the teatrong pansimbahan (church-
related theater), and theater as art
• Dulang pahiyang
in this category, theater is not
viewed as a separate activity, but as
part of life. Rituals fall under this type.
Other forms include Duplo, Balagtasan,
Bayuk and Balitaw.
• Rituals
A ritual is describe as way to
communcate with gods or spirits. This
involve a shaman, usually a babaylan
or an albularyo, calling the spirits ang
being possesed by that spirit. While in
that particular state, the shaman
perfoms a sacrifice or pour water over
the offerings.
• Duplo
The Duplo is describe as a
poetic debate, in which the
balagtasan was derived from. The
balagtasan involves poems with
four lines with 12 syllables per line.
• Bayok
the Bayok is a maranao mimetic
joust. The theme of joust depends on
the occasion on when the joust is to be
performed. Two or more singers
interpret in a spontaneous song-dance-
debate. The singers, however, have to
be careful in articulating verses in order
to avoid heated conflict.
• Balitaw
The balitaw is a poetic debate
between a man and a woman.
Although the term “balitaw” may also
refer to the song and its lyrics, or the
dance, it may also refer to the entire
performance since it exhibits an
exchange of words in a hypothetic
situation. The balitaw later evolve into
drama-balitaw, which involves
portraying a particular story on stage
with minimal set.
• Dulambayan
Also known as people’ s theater, this is
considered “theater in the context of social
movements. “play under this type aim to
improve current systems of government.
Common among unions of peasant, group of
worker’s , and liberationist movements, these
theatrical forms include drama simboliko,
historical play, plays with social realism,
teatrong bayan ng mangagawa, people’s
theater, nationalist/protest /propaganda
theater, and street theater.
• Drama Simboliko
This refers allegorical nationalist
drama which began during the
marcos regime.
• Street theater
This refers to theater
presented outside the theater
building and without the stage
area. The political theater is a form
of street theater. However, street
theater can be also applied in
rituals and religious plays.
• Teatrong pansimbahan
This type of theater is concerned
with spirituality this is usually performed
depending on the events in the church
calendar (Catholic, Protestant). There
are some forms that are traditional or
folk, such as in the case of the sinakulo
and the comedya.
• Komedya
The komedya is a play in
verse that portrays the lives of
sense, however, the komedya may
also depict actual events, or tales
about royalty in the kingdom of
Africa, Europe, Arabia, and Persia.
•Dapit
Dapit refers to the
tradition of fetching the
image od the community’s
patron saint.
• Flores
Which is presented in the month
of may, has three variations. It
may refer to the festival of flowers
in honor of Mary, mother of Jesus
(flores de mayo)
• Hudas
• This refer to the burning of the
image of Judas Iscariot which is
popular in Bulacan, Pampanga,
and Cebu. This is usually held on
the evening of black Saturday or
on the morning of easter Sunday.