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    Strain Theory!

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    Jerome Fernandez
    This document discusses several strain theories of crime causation. It outlines Emile Durkheim's concept of anomie, which refers to a breakdown in social norms and rules during periods of rapid social change. Robert Merton expanded on this, arguing that strain occurs when there is a disjunction between culturally defined goals and socially approved means to achieve them. The document also discusses Robert Agnew's general strain theory, which identifies social-psychological influences that produce strain as an individual phenomenon that can occur across all elements of society due to stress-producing events like failure to achieve goals or the removal of positive stimuli.

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    Strain Theory!

    Uploaded by

    Jerome Fernandez
    126 views17 pages
    This document discusses several strain theories of crime causation. It outlines Emile Durkheim's concept of anomie, which refers to a breakdown in social norms and rules during periods of rapid social change. Robert Merton expanded on this, arguing that strain occurs when there is a disjunction between culturally defined goals and socially approved means to achieve them. The document also discusses Robert Agnew's general strain theory, which identifies social-psychological influences that produce strain as an individual phenomenon that can occur across all elements of society due to stress-producing events like failure to achieve goals or the removal of positive stimuli.

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    This document discusses several strain theories of crime causation. It outlines Emile Durkheim's concept of anomie, which refers to a breakdown in social norms and rules during periods of rapid social change. Robert Merton expanded on this, arguing that strain occurs when there is a disjunction between culturally defined goals and socially approved means to achieve them. The document also discusses Robert Agnew's general strain theory, which identifies social-psychological influences that produce strain as an individual phenomenon that can occur across all elements of society due to stress-producing events like failure to achieve goals or the removal of positive stimuli.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    126 views17 pages

    Strain Theory!

    Uploaded by

    Jerome Fernandez
    This document discusses several strain theories of crime causation. It outlines Emile Durkheim's concept of anomie, which refers to a breakdown in social norms and rules during periods of rapid social change. Robert Merton expanded on this, arguing that strain occurs when there is a disjunction between culturally defined goals and socially approved means to achieve them. The document also discusses Robert Agnew's general strain theory, which identifies social-psychological influences that produce strain as an individual phenomenon that can occur across all elements of society due to stress-producing events like failure to achieve goals or the removal of positive stimuli.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    STRAIN THEORIES

    • Strain is related to criminal motivation, people who feel


    economically and socially humiliated may perceive the right to
    humiliate others in return.
    THE CONCEPT OF ANOMIE

    • The roots of strain theories can be traced to emile Durkheim notion of


    anomie

    • According to him, anomic society is one in which rules of behavior have


    broken down or become inoperative during periods of rapid social
    change or crisis such as war or famine
    ROBERT MERTON’S THEORY
    OF ANOMIE

    • Culturally defined goals and defined goals and socially approved


    means for obtaining them.
    • Merton argued that each person has his or her own concept of the
    goals of society and the means at his or her disposal for their
    attainment.
    MODES OF SOCIAL
    ADAPTATIONS
    1. Conformity
     Occurs when individual embrace conventional social goals and also the
    means of attainment at their disposal.
    2. Innovation
     Occurs when an individual accepts the goals of society but rejects or is
    incapable of attaining them through legitimate means.
    3. Ritualism
     These are people who enjoy the routine of work without having ambition
    to climb to the top of their profession, they are not risk takers.
    4. Retreatism
     Rejects both the goals and the means of society.
    5. Rebellion
     Involves substituting an alternative set of goals and means for
    conventional ones.
    INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE OF THEORY
    (IAT): STEVE MESSNER & RICHARD
    ROSENFELD

    • The desire to accumulate wealth and material goods pervades all aspect
    of American life
    • Explains why crime rates are so high in American culture
    • It views anti-social behavior
    As a function of culture and
    institutional influences.
    GENERAL STRAIN
    THEORY(ROBERT AGNEW)

    • He identified the social-psychological, individual-level of influences that


    produce strain.

    • Agnews sees strain as an individual phenomenon.

    • It can occur among all elements of society if they experience stress


    producing events.
    CAUSES OF STRAIN
    ACCORDING TO AGNEW
    1. Failure to achieve positively valued goals
    - result of the disjunction between aspirations and expectations.
    2. Failure to achieve is relative
    - Some very successful people may consider themselves failures.
    3. Removal of positively valued stimuli
    - The loss of positive stimuli may lead to criminality When a person
    tries to prevent the loss, retrieve what has been loss, obtain
    substitutes, or seek revenge against those responsible for the loss.
    4. The effect of removal of positive stimuli may be class bound
    - When you are expected to succeed because of your class position,
    failure may be harder to swallow; those who have limited opportunities
    and lower expectations may be able to take failure in stride.
    5. Presentation of negative stimuli
    - Strain is also produced by the application of negative or
    noxious stimuli.

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