Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
328 views

Lecture 7 - Stability Diagrams

The document summarizes methods for determining mineral saturation and stability in aqueous systems. It discusses writing dissolution reactions for minerals like K-feldspar and calculating equilibrium constants. It also notes that aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently. Activity diagrams can be used to depict the stability relationships between minerals in a system by plotting the log of activity ratios on axes and dividing the diagram into fields where different mineral phases are stable. The example activity diagram shown is for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system with gibbsite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar. Straight boundaries between fields represent reactions between mineral phases.

Uploaded by

Aththur Maulana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
328 views

Lecture 7 - Stability Diagrams

The document summarizes methods for determining mineral saturation and stability in aqueous systems. It discusses writing dissolution reactions for minerals like K-feldspar and calculating equilibrium constants. It also notes that aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently. Activity diagrams can be used to depict the stability relationships between minerals in a system by plotting the log of activity ratios on axes and dividing the diagram into fields where different mineral phases are stable. The example activity diagram shown is for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system with gibbsite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar. Straight boundaries between fields represent reactions between mineral phases.

Uploaded by

Aththur Maulana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Mineral dissolution/precipitation

• To determine whether or not a water is saturated with


an aluminosilicate such as K-feldspar, we could write
a dissolution reaction such as:
• KAlSi3O8 + 4H+ + 4H2O  K+ + Al3+ + 3H4SiO40
• We could then determine the equilibrium constant:
aK  a Al 3 a H3 4 SiO4
K
aH4 
• from Gibbs free energies of formation. The IAP could
then be determined from a water analysis, and the
saturation index calculated.
INCONGRUENT
DISSOLUTION
• Aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently,
e.g.,
2KAlSi3O8 + 2H+ + 9H2O
 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2K+ + 4H4SiO40

• As a result of these factors, relations among solutions


and aluminosilicate minerals are often depicted
graphically on a type of mineral stability diagram called
an activity diagram.
ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS: THE
K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O SYSTEM
We will now calculate an activity diagram for the following
phases: gibbsite {Al(OH)3}, kaolinite {Al2Si2O5(OH)4},
pyrophyllite {Al2Si4O10(OH)2}, muscovite
{KAl3Si3O10(OH)2}, and K-feldspar {KAlSi3O8}.
The axes will be a K+/a H+ vs. a H4SiO40.
The diagram is divided up into fields where only one of the
above phases is stable, separated by straight line
boundaries.
Activity diagram showing the stability relationships among some
minerals in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at 25°C. The dashed lines
represent saturation with respect to quartz and amorphous silica.
7

Amorphous
Quartz

silica
6
Muscovite

5
K-feldspar
log (aK+/aH+)

3
Gibbsite Kaolinite
2

1
Pyrophyllite
0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
log aH SiO 0
4 4
Seeing this, what are the reactions these lines represent?
2

-2
+++

Gibbsite
log a Al

+++
-4 Al

Diagram Al , T = 25 C, P = 1.013 bars, a [H2 O] = 1


-6 -
Al(OH)4

-8
++
AlOH +
Al(OH)2

+++
25oC
-10
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH Greg Mon Nov 01 2004
14

-
12 Fe(OH)4

10

, T = 25 °C , P = 1.013 bars, a [H 2O] = 1; Suppressed: FeO(c), Hematite, Goethite


8 Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 (ppd)
pH

+
Fe(OH)2
4

++
FeOH
2 ++++
Fe2 (OH)2
+++
Fe

+++
Diagram Fe
25°C
0
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0
+++
log a Fe Lab user Fri Oct 02 2009
Lines
• Fe(OH)3(ppd) + H+ = H2O + Fe(OH)2+
• Log K = -0.7799 (From GR)
• K1 = [H2O][Fe(OH)2+] / [Fe(OH)3(ppd)][H+]
• K1 = [Fe(OH)2+] / [H+]
• But need to plot Fe3+ vs. H+…
• Fe3+ + 2 H2O = Fe(OH)2+ + 2 H+
• K2 = [Fe(OH)2+][H+]2 / [Fe3+] = log K2=-5.6689
• [Fe(OH)2+] = K2 [Fe3+] / [H+]2 substitute
• K1 = K2 [Fe3+] / [H+]3  [Fe3+] = K1[H+]3 / K2
• log[Fe3+] = 3log[H+] + (logK1 - logK2)

You might also like