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    Lecture 7 - Stability Diagrams

    Uploaded by

    Aththur Maulana
    The document summarizes methods for determining mineral saturation and stability in aqueous systems. It discusses writing dissolution reactions for minerals like K-feldspar and calculating equilibrium constants. It also notes that aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently. Activity diagrams can be used to depict the stability relationships between minerals in a system by plotting the log of activity ratios on axes and dividing the diagram into fields where different mineral phases are stable. The example activity diagram shown is for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system with gibbsite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar. Straight boundaries between fields represent reactions between mineral phases.

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    Lecture 7 - Stability Diagrams

    Uploaded by

    Aththur Maulana
    257 views7 pages
    The document summarizes methods for determining mineral saturation and stability in aqueous systems. It discusses writing dissolution reactions for minerals like K-feldspar and calculating equilibrium constants. It also notes that aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently. Activity diagrams can be used to depict the stability relationships between minerals in a system by plotting the log of activity ratios on axes and dividing the diagram into fields where different mineral phases are stable. The example activity diagram shown is for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system with gibbsite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar. Straight boundaries between fields represent reactions between mineral phases.

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    The document summarizes methods for determining mineral saturation and stability in aqueous systems. It discusses writing dissolution reactions for minerals like K-feldspar and calculating equilibrium constants. It also notes that aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently. Activity diagrams can be used to depict the stability relationships between minerals in a system by plotting the log of activity ratios on axes and dividing the diagram into fields where different mineral phases are stable. The example activity diagram shown is for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system with gibbsite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar. Straight boundaries between fields represent reactions between mineral phases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    257 views7 pages

    Lecture 7 - Stability Diagrams

    Uploaded by

    Aththur Maulana
    The document summarizes methods for determining mineral saturation and stability in aqueous systems. It discusses writing dissolution reactions for minerals like K-feldspar and calculating equilibrium constants. It also notes that aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently. Activity diagrams can be used to depict the stability relationships between minerals in a system by plotting the log of activity ratios on axes and dividing the diagram into fields where different mineral phases are stable. The example activity diagram shown is for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system with gibbsite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar. Straight boundaries between fields represent reactions between mineral phases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Mineral dissolution/precipitation

    • To determine whether or not a water is saturated with


    an aluminosilicate such as K-feldspar, we could write
    a dissolution reaction such as:
    • KAlSi3O8 + 4H+ + 4H2O  K+ + Al3+ + 3H4SiO40
    • We could then determine the equilibrium constant:
    aK  a Al 3 a H3 4 SiO4
    K
    aH4 
    • from Gibbs free energies of formation. The IAP could
    then be determined from a water analysis, and the
    saturation index calculated.
    INCONGRUENT
    DISSOLUTION
    • Aluminosilicate minerals usually dissolve incongruently,
    e.g.,
    2KAlSi3O8 + 2H+ + 9H2O
     Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 2K+ + 4H4SiO40

    • As a result of these factors, relations among solutions


    and aluminosilicate minerals are often depicted
    graphically on a type of mineral stability diagram called
    an activity diagram.
    ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS: THE
    K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O SYSTEM
    We will now calculate an activity diagram for the following
    phases: gibbsite {Al(OH)3}, kaolinite {Al2Si2O5(OH)4},
    pyrophyllite {Al2Si4O10(OH)2}, muscovite
    {KAl3Si3O10(OH)2}, and K-feldspar {KAlSi3O8}.
    The axes will be a K+/a H+ vs. a H4SiO40.
    The diagram is divided up into fields where only one of the
    above phases is stable, separated by straight line
    boundaries.
    Activity diagram showing the stability relationships among some
    minerals in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at 25°C. The dashed lines
    represent saturation with respect to quartz and amorphous silica.
    7

    Amorphous
    Quartz

    silica
    6
    Muscovite

    5
    K-feldspar
    log (aK+/aH+)

    3
    Gibbsite Kaolinite
    2

    1
    Pyrophyllite
    0
    -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
    log aH SiO 0
    4 4
    Seeing this, what are the reactions these lines represent?
    2

    -2
    +++

    Gibbsite
    log a Al

    +++
    -4 Al

    Diagram Al , T = 25 C, P = 1.013 bars, a [H2 O] = 1


    -6 -
    Al(OH)4

    -8
    ++
    AlOH +
    Al(OH)2

    +++
    25oC
    -10
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    pH Greg Mon Nov 01 2004
    14

    -
    12 Fe(OH)4

    10

    , T = 25 °C , P = 1.013 bars, a [H 2O] = 1; Suppressed: FeO(c), Hematite, Goethite


    8 Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 (ppd)
    pH

    +
    Fe(OH)2
    4

    ++
    FeOH
    2 ++++
    Fe2 (OH)2
    +++
    Fe

    +++
    Diagram Fe
    25°C
    0
    –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0
    +++
    log a Fe Lab user Fri Oct 02 2009
    Lines
    • Fe(OH)3(ppd) + H+ = H2O + Fe(OH)2+
    • Log K = -0.7799 (From GR)
    • K1 = [H2O][Fe(OH)2+] / [Fe(OH)3(ppd)][H+]
    • K1 = [Fe(OH)2+] / [H+]
    • But need to plot Fe3+ vs. H+…
    • Fe3+ + 2 H2O = Fe(OH)2+ + 2 H+
    • K2 = [Fe(OH)2+][H+]2 / [Fe3+] = log K2=-5.6689
    • [Fe(OH)2+] = K2 [Fe3+] / [H+]2 substitute
    • K1 = K2 [Fe3+] / [H+]3  [Fe3+] = K1[H+]3 / K2
    • log[Fe3+] = 3log[H+] + (logK1 - logK2)

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