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Bec 401 Thesis Ii: TOPIC: Accuracy Comparison Between Ground Control Survey and Differential Global Positioning System
Bec 401 Thesis Ii: TOPIC: Accuracy Comparison Between Ground Control Survey and Differential Global Positioning System
Magellan PRO-MARK3
Real Time Kinematic GPS
REASEARCH OBJECTIVES
This research carries out two
objectives as follows:
• To compare the accuracy between
ground control survey data and
Differential Global Positioning System
(DGPS).
• To enhance knowledge in using Real
Time Kinematic GPS (RTK)
Coordinate System
World Geodestic System 1984 (WGS84)
• An earth-centred Cartesian coodinate system (X, Y,
Z).
• is a standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and
navigation. It comprises a standard coordinate frame
for the earth, a standard spheroidal reference surface
(the datum or reference ellipsoid) for raw altitude
data, and a gravitational equapotential surface (the
geoid) that defines the nominal sea level.
(Marco Ceccarelli,1998)
Malaysian Revised Triangulation (MRT)
• As GPS signals propagate through earth’s atmosphere, they are refracted. Major influence
originates from ionosphere and neutral atmosphere layer (mostly due to troposphere).
• The atmosphere consists of charged particles, neutral atom, molecules, gases, water vapour, etc.,
and changes the velocity (speed and direction) of the GPS signals. A change in signal speed
changed the signal transit time consequently, the ‘measured’ range between the satellite and the
receiver is different from its “ line of sight’ geometric range. This effect is often addressed as
atmospheric refraction or atmospheric delay. (Tajul et al. , 2005).
Disadvantages of GPS
Compare to conventional surveying technology, GCS.
System errors:
• Electromagnetic waves can be affected by several
sources of error during their transmission.
• Ionospheric and troposhpheric refraction.
• Bulls-eye Level bubble collimation error
• Tribrach Misalignment
• Multipath
• Obstruction
• Raining day
• Cloudy sky
Disadvantages of GPS
Compare to conventional surveying technology,
GCS.
Operation errors:
• Satellite Geometry
• Instrument Setup
• Antenna Height
• All of these errors contribute to the total error of
GPS derived coordinates in the ground stations.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
• Introduction
• The objective of methodology is to taking the control point
at male hostel in Ikram Park. Method will be used as following.
• Established by using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS
• Step 1: Positioning control point at Male Hostel in Ikram Park by
using Magellan Professional-Mark3
• Step 2: obtain baseline for Global Positioning System within 3
hours
• Step 3: Detailing for Global Positioning System within 1 hours.
• Step 4: Download the data from GPS controller into computer
using GNSS Software.
• Step 5: Process the data using the GNSS software.
• Step 6: Analysis and obtain the result
• Step 7: Export result into AutoCAD to generate hostel drawings.
GROUND CONTROL
SURVEYS
• Established by using Total Station
• Step 1: Obtain the benchmark of x and y.
• Step 2: Make the close traverse control around Male hostel
• Step 3: Detailing for total station is the process to get
topographic details to the control net.
• Step 4: Downloading the data from Nikon total station
converts, format and place the measurement data.
• Step 5: Obtaining result
• Step 6: Export result into AutoCAD to generate Hostel
drawings.
• Comparison the drawing coordinates between RTK data and
Total Station data.
– coordinates
– accuracy
– positioning
LOCATION
OBTAIN BENCHMARK
NEAR THE IKRAM HOSTEL
ESTABLISH
CONTROL POINT
COLLECTING TOTAL
STATION CONTROL POINT
COORDINATE
CONVERSION DATA
WGS84-MRT-RSO
ESTABLISH
CONTROL POINT
COLLETING GPS
CONTROL POINT
DIFFERENTIAL GPS
PROCESS BY USING GNSS
SOLUTION SOFTWARE
COORDINATE CONVERSION
WGS84-MRT-RSO
FLOW CHART OF RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
REAL TIME KINEMATIC
GROUND CONTROL SURVEY
GPS Method
ACCURACY COMPARISON
BETWEEN DPGS AND GROUND
CONTROL FROM ITS
COORDINATE AND POSITION
CHAPTER 4
Analysis and Discussion
LOCATION
BLD1
BLD2
BLD4
BLD3
BLD2