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    Stress

    Uploaded by

    Sachin Sharma
    This document discusses stress, its relationship to disease, and implications for firefighters. It covers major types and sources of stress, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to stress, and factors that moderate stress's impact like social support and coping skills. The document identifies two profiles of at-risk firefighters and recommends potential interventions like psychoeducation, work redesign, coping skills training, and leadership training to help high-risk firefighters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Stress

    Uploaded by

    Sachin Sharma
    36 views16 pages
    This document discusses stress, its relationship to disease, and implications for firefighters. It covers major types and sources of stress, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to stress, and factors that moderate stress's impact like social support and coping skills. The document identifies two profiles of at-risk firefighters and recommends potential interventions like psychoeducation, work redesign, coping skills training, and leadership training to help high-risk firefighters.

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    Stress.ppt

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    This document discusses stress, its relationship to disease, and implications for firefighters. It covers major types and sources of stress, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to stress, and factors that moderate stress's impact like social support and coping skills. The document identifies two profiles of at-risk firefighters and recommends potential interventions like psychoeducation, work redesign, coping skills training, and leadership training to help high-risk firefighters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    36 views16 pages

    Stress

    Uploaded by

    Sachin Sharma
    This document discusses stress, its relationship to disease, and implications for firefighters. It covers major types and sources of stress, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to stress, and factors that moderate stress's impact like social support and coping skills. The document identifies two profiles of at-risk firefighters and recommends potential interventions like psychoeducation, work redesign, coping skills training, and leadership training to help high-risk firefighters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Stress, Coping, and Health

    The Relationship
    Between Stress and Disease
    • Contagious diseases
    vs. chronic diseases
    – Biopsychosocial model
    – Health psychology
    • Health promotion and
    maintenance
    – Discovery of
    causation, prevention,
    and treatment
    Stress: An Everyday Event

    • Major stressors vs. routine hassles


    – Cumulative nature of stress
    – Cognitive appraisals
    Major Types of Stress
    • Frustration: blocked goal
    • Conflict: incompatible
    motivations
    – Approach-approach
    – Approach-avoidance
    – Avoidance-avoidance
    • Change: having to adapt
    – Social Readjustment
    Rating Scale
    – Life Change Units
    • Pressure
    – Perform/conform
    Overview of the Stress Process
    Responding to Stress Emotionally
    • Emotional Responses
    – Annoyance, anger, rage
    – Apprehension, anxiety,
    fear
    – Dejection, sadness, grief
    – Positive emotions
    • Emotional response
    and performance
    – The inverted-U-
    hypothesis
    Responding to Stress
    Physiologically
    • Physiological Responses
    – Fight-or-flight response
    – Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
    • Alarm
    • Resistance
    • Exhaustion
    Responding to Stress Behaviorally
    • Behavioral Responses
    – Frustration-aggression
    hypothesis
    – catharsis
    – defense mechanisms
    • Coping
    – Reappraisal
    – Confronting problems
    – Using humor
    – Expressing emotions
    – Managing hostility
    Effects of Stress:
    Behavioral and Psychological
    • Impaired task
    performance
    • Burnout
    • Psychological
    problems and
    disorders
    • Positive effects
    Effects of Stress: Physical

    • Psychosomatic diseases
    • Heart disease
    – Type A behavior - 3
    elements
    • strong competitiveness
    • impatience and time
    urgency
    • anger and hostility
    – Emotional reactions and
    depression
    • Stress and immune
    functioning
    – Reduced immune activity
    Factors Moderating the Impact of
    Stress
    • Social support
    – Increased immune functioning
    • Optimism
    – More adaptive coping
    – Pessimistic explanatory style
    • Conscientiousness
    – Fostering better health habits
    • Autonomic reactivity
    – Cardiovascular reactivity to stress
    Firefighter Specific Stressors
    • Reliance on teamwork
    • Low job control
    • Sleep disturbances/Shift work
    • Boredom
    • Coworker conflict
    • Management-Labor conflict
    • Second jobs
    • Marital/Family spillover
    Firefighter Stress Reactions
    • Apprehension/Dread
    • Intrusive thoughts
    • No hope
    • Sleep difficulties
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms
    • Throat and mouth symptoms
    At-Risk Firefighters
    • Research reveals 2 distinct profiles for at-risk
    firefighters
    – Profile 1 (somaticizers) Reported greater frequency
    and intensity of physical symptoms
    • Head/neck/facial tension
    • Gastrointestinal distress
    • Cardiopulmonary complaints
    – Profile 2 (psychological stress) Reported higher levels
    of
    • Apprehension/dread
    • Anger
    • Generalized anxiety
    • Agitated depression
    Implications for treatment
    • Identify high-risk firefighters
    – No penalty or stigmatization
    • Potential interventions
    – Psychoeducation
    • Work redesign
    • Coping skills training
    • Relaxation training
    • Conflict-resolution training
    • Leadership training
    • Sleep hygiene education
    Coping Skills
    • Problem-focused coping • Emotion-focused coping
    – Taking direct action – Focusing on and venting
    – Planning emotions
    – Suppression of competing – Behavioral disengagement
    activities – Mental disengagement
    – Restraint coping – Positive reappraisal
    – Seeking social support – Denial
    – Acceptance
    – Turning to religion

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