Ipv4 Subnetting: Khawar Butt Ccie # 12353 (R/S, Security, SP, DC, Voice, Storage & Ccde)
Ipv4 Subnetting: Khawar Butt Ccie # 12353 (R/S, Security, SP, DC, Voice, Storage & Ccde)
IPv4 Subnetting
KHAWAR BUTT
CCIE # 12353 [R/S, SECURITY, SP, DC, VOICE, STORAGE & CCDE]
Overview
Subnetting Overview
Basic Subnetting Example
Subnetting Steps c
Subnetting allows you to use the bits that arec generally assigned to the Host portion as Network
bits. This process creates more usable networks with a smaller number of hosts on each network.
Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks. These network, created by using host bits
for networks, are called Sub-networks. The main network is referred to as a Major Network.
For example, if a company requires 20 public IP addresses for its network, the ISP would have to
assign the network from a Class with the minimum number of hosts, that is a Class C network.
Even a class C network has 254 hosts. The ISP would have lost 234 host IP’s.
Subnetting would break a Single Class C network with 254 hosts into a bunch of small networks
with less number of hosts on them.
Basic Subnetting Example
Let’s break a Class C network, 200.1.1.0/24, into 8 new networks with lesser number of hosts on
each network.
We will do this by taking the host portion [Last 8 bits] and splitting it into some bits for networks
and some bits for hosts. c
Let’s take away the first 3 bits from the host portion and use it as part of the network portion.
200.1.1.NNNHHHH. As the subnet mask represents the Network portion, the new subnets will
have a new mask. 255.255.255.11100000, which is 225.255.255.224 or /27 as you borrowed 3
additional bits from the network portion.
As 3 bits give you eight new combinations, you will get 8 new networks [2^3 = 8].
The remaining bits are left for the host bits [5 in our case]. This give us 32 combinations for the
host portion [2^5 = 32]. In the new subnet, 2 addresses cannot be used. These addresses are
used to represent the Network address and the Broadcast address on the new network.
Basic Subnetting Example
To summarize, by borrowing 3 bits from the host portion, we get the following 8 networks
all with a new mask of 255.255.255.224 or /27.
New Network (Binary) New Network First Host Last Host Broadcast
(Decimal) c
200.1.1.00000000 200.1.1.0 00000001 – 1 00011110 – 30 00011111 – 31
200.1.1.00100000 200.1.1.32 00100001 – 33 00111110 – 62 00111111 – 63
200.1.1.01000000 200.1.1.64 01000001 – 65 01011110 – 94 01011111 – 95
200.1.1.01100000 200.1.1.96 01100001 – 97 01111110 – 126 01111111 – 127
200.1.1.10000000 200.1.1.128 10000001 – 129 10011110 – 158 10011111 – 159
200.1.1.10100000 200.1.1.160 10100001 – 161 10111110 – 190 10111111 – 191
200.1.1.11000000 200.1.1.192 11000001 – 193 11011110 – 222 11011111 – 223
200.1.1.11100000 200.1.1.224 11100001 – 225 11111110 – 254 11111111 – 255
Simple Subnetting Steps
1. Find the number of networks required. This is based on your requirement.
2. Find the number of bits required to borrow to get the required networks. Use the following table to find this:
Bits to borrow 7 6 c5 4 3 2 1
Networks 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
3. Find the Increment number. Once you find the number of bits, move on the bottom line from left to right that number of
times. For example, if you need 6 networks, you need to borrow 3 bits as 2 will only give you 4 networks. To find the
Increment number, move from right to left 3 times on the bottom row. You will land on 32. 32 becomes your Increment
number.
4. Find the Subnet Mask. Subtract the Increment from 256 to get the new mask. In our example of 8 networks, the new
mask would be = 256 – 32 = 224 [255.255.255.224].
5. Write the new Subnets. Start with 0 as the first subnet. Add the increment for the next network. Keep on doing this until
you get your 8 networks. Write the First Host, Last host and the Broadcast address.
Subnetting Example # 1
The Network Administrator requires you to break the 200.1.1.0/24 network into 10
subnets. We will use the 5 simple steps to do subnetting.
2. You have a Class B address of 150.5.0.0. You would like to break it into 15 Subnets. Write the
c
new Subnet Mask, First, Last and Broadcast addresses for the First 5 Subnetworks.
3. You have a Class A address of 50.0.0.0. You would like to break it into 50 Subnets. Write the
new Subnet Mask, First, Last and Broadcast addresses for the First 5 Subnetworks.
4. If you have sub-netted a network 172.16.0.0 with a mask of /20. Which of the following
addresses are broadcast addresses?