Public Speaking

Prepared by Belle C.
Manlapig
 What is public speaking?

• Public speaking is an art of facing a

group of people and communicating to
them your thoughts and feelings by
means of effective speech.
• Public speaking is a process of
conveying ideas, of sharing information
and opinions, of inducing understanding
 The Necessary Requirements in a
Speech Act
• A SPEAKER
• AN AUDIENCE
• AN OCCASION
 WHAT FACTORS MAKE UP
EFFECTIVE PUBLIC SPEAKING?
1.Personality- is the sum total of all
our physical, mental, and emotional
traits.
• Personal Grooming
• Attitude
2. Intelligence
• Common Sense
• Tact
• Good Taste
• Wide Interest
• Self- Criticism
3. Integrity or Virtue
Cato defined an orator as a good man skilled in
speaking”.
Albert Beveridge said, “Never under any
circumstance or for any reward tell an audience
what you yourself do not believe in or are even
indifferent about. To do so is immoral and worse–
it is to be a public liar.”
4. Training
 The value of training is five-fold
• 1. Training tells the speaker what to say.
• 2. Training teaches the speaker how to say the
speech.
• 3. Training develops the speaker’s confidence in
his ability to communicate effectively.
• 4. Training develops creative but critical thinking
rather than a mechanical one.
• 5. It aids the speaker to achieve the main
objective of effective communication—to create a
 Technique
Elements
5. of • Enunciation &
Technique Pronunciation
• Voice • Gestures & Audience
• Pitch Contact
• Volume • Posture
• Quality & Motivation • Facial Expression
• Speech rate & pause • Organization of
• Phrasing Thought
• Composition
 How to Develop a Pleasing, Impressive Voice
• 1. Relax & let go.
• 2. Learn to breathe properly.
• 3. Watch your posture.
• 4. Train your ears.
• 5. Use enough volume to be effective.
• 6. Develop resonance in your voice.
• 7. Work for a pleasant quality.
• 8. Don’t talk through the nose.
• 9. Keep your voice pleasingly low.
• 10. Don’t speak in a deadly monotone.
• “ To be an effective speaker you need
to be heard, to be understood and to
have variety in your voice”.
 Symptoms of Stage Fright
• 1. Butterflies in the stomach
• 2. Dry mouth
• 3. Rapid breathing
• 4. Rapid heart rate
• 5. Trembling hands, weak knees,
unsteady voice
• 6. Perspiration
 Long Term Treatment for
Nervousness
1.Understand your stage fright.
2.Talk about your stage fright.
3.Combat your fear of the audience.
 Short Term Treatment for
Nervousness
1.Be prepared.
2.Practice several times.
3.Check out the room.
4.Burn up excess energy.
5.Get enough sleep the night before.
 On the Spot Treatment of
Nervousness
1.Think about anything except your
presentation.
2.Use gestures and move your body
naturally.
3.Look for a friendly face in the audience.
 Suggestions for Effective Delivery
1.Look at your audience and show that you are
interested in them.
2.Your face should show that you are happy to be
here and that you are glad that your listeners
are here.
3.Your hands should be empty and relaxed by the
side of your body.
4.Stand totally exposed in front of your audience.
Don’t hide behind barriers.
5.Stand tall. Push back your shoulders and open
6. Balance on both feet.
7. Maintain a positive attitude of
confidence, authority and importance.
8. Speak loud enough to be heard.
9. Deliver your speech with spontaneity,
enthusiasm and sincerity.
10. Avoid grunting or using interjections
such as well, so, okay, you see, as we all
know, umm, ahh etc.
 What to Avoid During the Delivery
Unnecessary actions distract the attention of the audience:
WITH HANDS
1.Fiddling with rings, buttons, pockets, ball
pen
2.Touching and patting face, hair, nose,
ears
3.Clutching back of chair, notes, side of the
lectern
5. Putting hands akimbo
6. Folding and unfolding arms
7. Putting hands in pockets
8. Putting thumbs under belt
9. Crackling knuckles
 WITH LEGS
10. Rocking backward and forward
11. Swaying from side to side
12. Crossing legs
13. Rising on toes and then down
14. Feet to wide apart or too close
together
15. Constantly shifting from one foot to
 WITH FACE, EYES AND MOUTH

• 16. Staring at the ceiling, floor or wall

• 17. Making faces
• 18. Putting tongue out
• 19. Giggling nervously
• 20. Wetting lips frequently
 Types of Speeches According to
Purpose
• 1. Informative- e.g. oral reports, instruction or demo
• 2. Entertainment- e.g. speech during reception,
banquet
• 3. Persuasive- e.g. political speech, sermon, eulogy
• 4. Argumentative- e.g. debate
• 5. Evocative – e.g. solicitation, travelogue
 Types of Delivery

• 1. Reading from a manuscript

• 2. Extemporaneous
• 3. Impromptu
• 4. Memorized speech
• 5. Speaking with notes
 Special Types of Speech
1.Speech of courtesy
a. Welcome speech
• Express a direct statement of welcome
• Name the person or organization being welcomed
• Mention the host, the occasion and the mutual benefits
the hosts and the guests may gain from the visit
b. Response to Welcome
• Name the welcoming party
• Express appreciation for the welcome
• State the purpose of the visit
• End with good wishes for the hosts and an
expectation for a pleasant relationship in
the future
c.Presentation- grants an award or plaque to
deserving employee or winner in a
competition
• Discuss the background and the
importance of the award.
• Identify the recipient and his
accomplishments.
• Present the award and congratulate the
recipient.
d.Acceptance- the recipient delivers this speech upon
acceptance of the award
• Express appreciation and joy for having been granted
the award.
• Thank the people or organization that gave the award.
• Express gratitude to colleagues who helped make the
award possible.
• Dedicate the award to the people who served as your
inspiration
• Express your thanks for the award.
e.Introduction –purpose is to create a desire
in the audience to listen to the person being
introduced
• .build up the speaker’s identity- his position
etc.
• Emphasize the importance of his topic
• Stress the appropriateness of his topic or
his presence.
Speeches for Special Occasions

a. After –dinner speech- the purpose is

to entertain. This is usually a series of
funny stories, incidents, experiences
about people and other problems. Skill
in this type is dependent on the
speaker’s personality.
b. Tribute Speech – may range from awarding a trophy
to a winner in a competition, when the person admired
and respected leave the community or the enterprise
where he has worked, to delivering a eulogy at a
memorial service.
• State the commendable achievements or of the
influence the honoree has had upon others.
• Dramatize the impact of his accomplishment by relating
the obstacles and difficulties he had undergone.
• Relate few incidents to show how he surmounted the
obstacles that you have mentioned.
c. Farewell speech – delivered by someone
leaving
• Express gratitude for the opportunities,
consideration and love given by co-workers.
• Reminisce on your experience in the office.
• Call upon those who remain to carry on the
traditions and goals of the office or
enterprise.
 Speech Writing Process

• 1. Determine the purpose of your

speech.
Clarity- easy to understand
Simplicity-
Concreteness- real numbers, actual
places, vivid description
• 2. Identify your audience
Age
Gender
Education
Group membership
Culture & religion
• 3. Choose your topic
Timely
Interesting
Relevant
4. Make a thorough research
4. Make a thorough research –
The library is the principal source of
materials. However, with the advent of the
internet you can find the latest and most
comprehensive material that you need.
Other ways of acquiring information are by
interviewing sources, listening to lectures
and watching films and TV programs.
• 5. Choose the order of material
Chronological- presents events as they
happen
Spatial- presents items in relationship
within a place or setting
Hierarchical- presents information in order
of importance
Cause and effect presents events as
reasons and result
Comparison and contrast
6. Organize your speech
Three Main Parts
1.Introduction- serves as the doorway
through which the listener can have a
glimpse of what lies ahead.
 It must catch the listener’s attention.
You may begin with a thesis statement ,
a provocative question, a quotation or a
humorous story.
2. Body
The body presents information that
support your main ideas in definite order
that is clear to the audience. It has three
main parts– main topics, subtopics and
supports in logical format through the use
of an outline.
This will provide a structure to follow from
the beginning to end.
3. Conclusion
The conclusion brings the entire speech on
the main idea. It does not only bring the
discussion to an end, but it is also the
speaker’s chance to make an impression. The
conclusion may point out the important ideas
or end with a provocative question or
statement.
 Assignment: Get ready to write a
speech which can be
entertaining, informative,
persuasive, or inspirational. Your
first move is to choose a topic, do
a research about it, determine
your purpose and intended
audience, then develop it.
 How long will this speech be?
-At least 400-500 words which will
include an introduction, body, and
conclusion.
 Title:
Intended Audience:
Purpose:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
(These are the parts of your
speech outline.)