Module 13: ICMP: Introduction of Networks v7.0 (ITN)
Module 13: ICMP: Introduction of Networks v7.0 (ITN)
Module 13: ICMP: Introduction of Networks v7.0 (ITN)
Messaging between an IPv6 router and an Messaging between IPv6 devices, including
IPv6 device, including dynamic address duplicate address detection and address
allocation are as follows: resolution are as follows:
• Router Solicitation (RS) message • Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message
• Router Advertisement (RA) message • Neighbor Advertisement (NA) message
Note: ICMPv6 ND also includes the redirect message, which has a similar function to the redirect
message used in ICMPv4.
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ICMP Messages
ICMPv6 Messages (Cont.)
• RA messages are sent by IPv6-enabled
routers every 200 seconds to provide
addressing information to IPv6-enabled
hosts.
• RA message can include addressing
information for the host such as the prefix,
prefix length, DNS address, and domain
name.
• A host using Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) will set its
default gateway to the link-local address of
the router that sent the RA.
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ICMP Messages
ICMPv6 Messages (Cont.)
• An IPv6-enabled router will also send out
an RA message in response to an RS
message.
• In the figure, PC1 sends a RS message to
determine how to receive its IPv6 address
information dynamically.
• R1 replies to the RS with an RA message.
• PC1 sends an RS message, “Hi, I just booted up.
Is there an IPv6 router on the network? I need to
know how to get my IPv6 address information
dynamically.”
• R1 replies with an RA message. “Hi all IPv6-
enabled devices. I’m R1 and you can use SLAAC
to create an IPv6 global unicast address. The
prefix is 2001:db8:acad:1::/64. By the way, use my
link-local address fe80::1 as your default gateway."
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ICMP Messages
ICMPv6 Messages (Cont.)
• A device assigned a global IPv6 unicast or
link-local unicast address, may perform
duplicate address detection (DAD) to
ensure that the IPv6 address is unique.
• To check the uniqueness of an address, the
device will send an NS message with its
own IPv6 address as the targeted IPv6
address.
• If another device on the network has this
address, it will respond with an NA
message notifying to the sending device Note: DAD is not required, but RFC 4861
that the address is in use. recommends that DAD is performed on
unicast addresses.
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13.2 Ping and Traceroute Tests
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Ping and Traceroute Tests
Ping – Test Connectivity
• The ping command is an IPv4 and IPv6 testing
utility that uses ICMP echo request and echo
reply messages to test connectivity between
hosts and provides a summary that includes the
success rate and average round-trip time to the
destination.
• If a reply is not received within the timeout, ping
provides a message indicating that a response
was not received.
• It is common for the first ping to timeout if
address resolution (ARP or ND) needs to be
performed before sending the ICMP Echo
Request.
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Ping and Traceroute Tests
Ping the Loopback
Ping can be used to test the internal
configuration of IPv4 or IPv6 on the local
host. To do this, ping the local loopback
address of 127.0.0.1 for IPv4 (::1 for
IPv6).
• A response from 127.0.0.1 for IPv4,
or ::1 for IPv6, indicates that IP is
properly installed on the host.
• An error message indicates that TCP/IP
is not operational on the host.
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Ping and Traceroute Tests
Ping the Default Gateway
The ping command can be used to test the
ability of a host to communicate on the local
network.
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Ping and Traceroute Tests
Ping a Remote Host
Ping can also be used to test the ability of a
local host to communicate across an
internetwork.
A local host can ping a host on a remote
network. A successful ping across the
internetwork confirms communication on
the local network.
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Ping and Traceroute Tests
Traceroute – Test the Path
• Traceroute (tracert) is a utility that is used
to test the path between two hosts and
provide a list of hops that were
successfully reached along that path.
• Traceroute provides round-trip time for
each hop along the path and indicates if a
hop fails to respond. An asterisk (*) is
used to indicate a lost or unreplied
packet. Note: Traceroute makes use of a function of the
• This information can be used to locate a TTL field in IPv4 and the Hop Limit field in IPv6 in
problematic router in the path or may the Layer 3 headers, along with the ICMP Time
indicate that the router is configured not to Exceeded message.
reply.
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