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    Experiment No # 02: Objective: Apparatus

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Toseef Chohan
    Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, converting rotational kinetic energy into fluid pressure. Fluid enters through the eye of the casing and is pushed outward by the spinning impeller, gaining both velocity and pressure. It then passes into the diffuser or volute chamber, where deceleration further increases pressure before exiting. Key components include the impeller, casing, shaft, sleeves, bearings, and mechanical seals. Impellers come in open, closed, and semi-open designs for different applications depending on fluid properties like viscosity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment No # 02: Objective: Apparatus

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Toseef Chohan
    26 views3 pages
    Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, converting rotational kinetic energy into fluid pressure. Fluid enters through the eye of the casing and is pushed outward by the spinning impeller, gaining both velocity and pressure. It then passes into the diffuser or volute chamber, where deceleration further increases pressure before exiting. Key components include the impeller, casing, shaft, sleeves, bearings, and mechanical seals. Impellers come in open, closed, and semi-open designs for different applications depending on fluid properties like viscosity.

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    Exp 2.pptx

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    Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, converting rotational kinetic energy into fluid pressure. Fluid enters through the eye of the casing and is pushed outward by the spinning impeller, gaining both velocity and pressure. It then passes into the diffuser or volute chamber, where deceleration further increases pressure before exiting. Key components include the impeller, casing, shaft, sleeves, bearings, and mechanical seals. Impellers come in open, closed, and semi-open designs for different applications depending on fluid properties like viscosity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views3 pages

    Experiment No # 02: Objective: Apparatus

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Toseef Chohan
    Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, converting rotational kinetic energy into fluid pressure. Fluid enters through the eye of the casing and is pushed outward by the spinning impeller, gaining both velocity and pressure. It then passes into the diffuser or volute chamber, where deceleration further increases pressure before exiting. Key components include the impeller, casing, shaft, sleeves, bearings, and mechanical seals. Impellers come in open, closed, and semi-open designs for different applications depending on fluid properties like viscosity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Experiment No # 02

    Objective:
    To study centrifugal pump briefly.

    Apparatus:
    o Cut section model of centrifugal pump

    Diagram:

    Theory:
    Centrifugal pump:
    Centrifugal pump is a type of hydraulic turbo machinery used to pump liquids from lower
    energy level to higher energy level. It usually changes the angular momentum of fluid by
    applying rotational kinetic energy of its blades to the fluid. Change in angular momentum
    of our fluid is equal to the applied torque by our pump to fluid.
    The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters
    the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller,
    flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.

    Working:
    Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy to energy in a moving
    fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters axially
    through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially
    and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the
    diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and pressure while passing through
    the impeller. The scroll, section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increases the
    pressure. It is important to note that the water is not pushed radially outward by centrifugal
    force (non-existent force), but rather by inertia.
    The Main Parts of a Centrifugal Pump:
    There are a few components that virtually every centrifugal pump has in common. These
    components include:

    o An impeller
    o A volute or diffuser style casing
    o A shaft
    o Shaft sleeves
    o Bearings
    o Mechanical sealing
    Impeller:
    An impeller is a rotating component of a centrifugal pump which transfers energy from the
    motor that drives the pump to the fluid being pumped by accelerating the fluid outwards
    from the center of rotation. The velocity achieved by the impeller transfers into pressure
    when the outward movement of the fluid is confined by the pump casing.
    Types of impeller:
    Open impeller:
    In this type of impeller there are only vanes or blades, there is not shroud that cover the
    vanes.
    Applications:
    This type of impeller used where impurities are present in liquid for example in food
    industries.
    Closed impeller:
    In this type of impeller vanes are packed between two shrouds, that’s why it is called
    closed impeller.
    Applications:
    This type of impeller used where low viscosity liquids are required to pump for example
    water.
    Semi open impeller:
    In this type of impeller vanes are mounted on one shroud disc and other side is open,
    that’s why it is called semi open impeller.
    Applications:
    This type of impeller is used to pump liquids whose viscosities are intermediate.

    Open I m peller Semi Open Impeller Closed


    Impeller
    Volute or diffuser style casing:
    A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port. The
    volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the
    impeller, maintaining the velocity of the fluid through to the diffuser. As liquid exits the
    impeller it has high kinetic energy and the volute directs this flow through to the discharge.

    Shaft:
    Shaft is a cylindrical rod in centrifugal pump used to transmit rotational power from
    motor or the impeller of centrifugal pump.

    Shaft sleeves:
    A shaft sleeve is a cylindrical hollow metal tube placed over the shaft to protect as it passes
    through the packing. Pump shafts are often protected from erosion, corrosion, and wear at
    leakage joints, seal chambers, internal bearings and in the waterways by renewable sleeves.

    Bearing:
    Bearings are mechanical components used in centrifugal pumps for supporting shaft and
    reduce friction between support and rotating shaft.
    Mechanical sealing:

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