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Reliable Stream Transport Service (TCP)

The document discusses the need for a reliable stream transport service at the lowest level of networking to ensure reliable delivery of packets that may otherwise be lost, destroyed, delayed, or delivered out of order. It describes the key properties of TCP as providing: 1) a stream-oriented, 2) virtual circuit connection with 3) buffered transfer of an 4) unstructured stream via a 5) full-duplex connection. TCP provides reliability using positive acknowledgement and retransmission of unacknowledged packets. It also outlines the processes for connection establishment and termination between an active and passive participant through the exchange of SYN, ACK, and FIN packets and presents a state transition diagram depicting the different states in a TCP connection.

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Anita Sofia V
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views

Reliable Stream Transport Service (TCP)

The document discusses the need for a reliable stream transport service at the lowest level of networking to ensure reliable delivery of packets that may otherwise be lost, destroyed, delayed, or delivered out of order. It describes the key properties of TCP as providing: 1) a stream-oriented, 2) virtual circuit connection with 3) buffered transfer of an 4) unstructured stream via a 5) full-duplex connection. TCP provides reliability using positive acknowledgement and retransmission of unacknowledged packets. It also outlines the processes for connection establishment and termination between an active and passive participant through the exchange of SYN, ACK, and FIN packets and presents a state transition diagram depicting the different states in a TCP connection.

Uploaded by

Anita Sofia V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reliable Stream Transport

Service (TCP)
Need for Stream Delivery
Lowest Level
• Packets are lost or destroyed
• Network hardware fails
• Network too heavily loaded
• Packet switching changes routes dynamically
– Packets out of order
– Deliver them after substantial delay
– Deliver duplicates
Highest Level
• Large volume of data
– Complex
– Build error detection and recovery into each
application program
Properties of The Reliable Delivery
Service
• Interface between application programs and
TCP reliable delivery service can be
characterized by 5 features
– Stream orientation
– Virtual Circuit Connection
– Buffered Transfer
– Unstructured Stream
– Full duplex connection
Providing Reliability
• Reliable protocol use a single fundamental
technique known as positive
acknowledgement with retransmission
• Sender keeps a record of each packet it sends
& waits for the acknowldement
• Sender starts a timer when it sends a packet
• Retransmits the packet if the timer expires
before ack arrives
Connection Establishment

Active participant Passive participant


(client) (server)
SYN,
Sequ
enceN
um =
x
um = y,
uenceN
, S e q = x +1
K t
SY N
+ AC
wled gmen
k no
Ac
ACK,
Ackno
wledg
men t=y+
1

CS 640 6
Connection Termination
Active participant Passive participant
(server) (client)
FIN, S
equen
ceNu
m=
x

n t = x+1
l ed gme
Ackn
ow u m = y
N
eq u ence
S
FIN,

Ackno
wledg
ment
=y + 1

CS 640 7
State Transition Diagram
CLOSED
Active open/SYN
Passive open Close
Close

LISTEN

SYN/SYN + ACK Send/SYN


SYN/SYN + ACK
SYN_RCVD SYN_SENT
ACK SYN + ACK/ACK

Close/FIN ESTABLISHED

Close/FIN FIN/ACK
FIN_WAIT_1 CLOSE_WAIT
AC FIN/ACK
ACK K Close/FIN
+
FI
FIN_WAIT_2 N/
AC CLOSING LAST_ACK
K
ACK Timeout after two ACK
segment lifetimes
FIN/ACK
TIME_WAIT CLOSED

CS 640 8

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