Aluminum Oxynitride (Aka Transparent Aluminum) : Reported By: Lulab, Daisy Jane B. Reported By: Lulab, Daisy Jane B

ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE
(aka Transparent Aluminum)
Reported by: Lulab, Daisy Jane B.

TOPIC OUTLINE
• HISTORY
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE
• MATERIAL COMPOSITION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• HOW IT IS MADE?
• PROPERTIES
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
HISTORY
• Aluminum Oxynitride known as ALON was first
reported in the late nineteen fifties. James McCauley
of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research
Center (AMMRC) began work in the nineteen
seventies that led to a firm foundation for
understanding the phase diagram of AlN-Al2O3,
which in turn led to the first transparent ceramic
ALON samples.
• Technology transfer from the AMMRC to
Raytheon Corporation resulted in further
development of the material, which was qualified
for missile dome applications. In the nineteen
nineties a renaissance in interest in ALON
occurred when ALON composites were shown to
have superior qualities as transparent armor.
INTRODUCTION
Bullet-resistant glass has some clear drawbacks, that it
doesn't bar all bullets and that piling on the protective but
heavy material merely slows the vehicle in question. So
what can save the lives of soldiers and civilians under fire?
Researchers think the answer may be transparent
aluminum armor, a finely polished ceramic alloy that's
both lighter and stronger than traditional bullet-resistant
glass.
WHAT IS..
Aluminum Oxynitride
 Is a transparent optical ceramic
powder with typical grain size of 150-
250 microns and surface areas from
0.9 - 7.5 m2/g range. It has been
fielded in many defense systems and is
available commercially in large sizes
and quantities.
 It is a transparent polycrystalline
ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal
structure made of nitrogen, oxygen
and aluminum.
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
•• It
is basically made up of
• Linear Formula: •
• It is composed of aluminum, oxygen and nitrogen. (such
as varying the aluminum content from about 30% to
36%, which has been reported to affect the bulk and
shear moduli by only 1-2%.)
• Typical chemistries available
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
HOW IS IT MADE?
Transparent aluminum starts out as a pile of white
aluminum oxynitride powder. That powder gets packed into
a rubber mold in the rough shape of the desired part, and
subjected to a procedure called isostatic pressing, in which
the mold is compressed in a tank of hydraulic fluid to
15,000 psi, which mashes the AION into a grainy “green
body”. The grainy structure is then fused together by heating
at 2000˚C for several days. The surface of the resulting part
is cloudy, and has to be mechanically polished to make it
optically clear.
PROPERTIES
•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES VALUES
It is optically Compressive Strength 2.68 Gpa
transparent in the near
ultraviolet, visible and Flexural Strength 0.38-0.7 Gpa
infrared regions. It is
Fracture Toughness 0.38-0.7 Gpa
four times harder than
fused silica glass, 85% Knoop Hardness 1800 kg/mm
harder than sapphire
and 15% harder than Poisson Ratio 0.24
magnesium aluminate
Shear Modulus 135 Gpa
spinel. The material
remains solid up to Young Modulus 334 GPa
1200 ˚C (2190 ˚F).
•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical Formulae A123-1/3X027+XN5-X (0.429<X<2)

Crystal Structure Cubic, Spinel
Form Polycrystalline
Chemical Resistant (Yes/No)

HFAcid Yes
Fluorine Plasma Yes
Extreme Weather Yes
Sea/Salt Water Yes
Cryogenic Temperature Yes
•OPTICAL PROPERTIES
•OPTICAL PROPERTIES
(Cont.)
•ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
•THERMAL PROPERTIES
•THERMAL PROPERTIES
(Cont.)
APPLICATION
• Various defense applications like
Recce sensor windows, transparent
armor, windows for laser
communications and specialty IR
domes with different shapes that
include hemispherical and hyper-
hemispherical domes
• Semi-conductor related applications
• Refractories
• Insulators and heat radiation plates
• Optoelectronic devices
APPLICATION
(CONT.)
• Metal matrix composites
• Power and multichip modules
• Translucent ceramics
• High temperature materials and heat
sinks
• Break rings
• Thermally conductive filler
• Integrated circuit packages and
substrates
ADVANTAGES
• Transparent: High optical transmission (>85%)
near-UV to mid-IR wavelengths (0.25 to 4.0 µm).
• Crystal Clear: Excellent clarity and no inherent
birefringence. Very high refractive index
homogeneity over large areas.
• Durable: Outstanding hardness, scratch resistance,
chemical resistance and high strength.
• Commercially Available: Large 18x35-in
windows as well as shapes including hyper-
hemispherical domes are available.
• Robust Process: Enables manufacturer to reliably
manufacture and supply components of
consistently high quality.
DISADVANTAGES
• The cost of producing transparent aluminum is very high when
compared to that of other transparent ceramics.
• Its potential for transparent armor is limited due to extreme
transmittance losses in the visible spectrum with increased
thickness.
CONCLUSION
• (Transparent Aluminum) use in • The cost and dead weight
large windows will require reduction will create new
significant investments in possibilities for tall structures at
manufacturing technology and test the same time the structural
and evaluation to demonstrate the strength will increase
required protection factors, significantly.
especially against a multi-heat • As the density of ALON is 3.7
threat. g/cc as compared to glass
• If in future it can be produced 2.7g/cc but strength wise glass
commercially on a large scale with is no where comparable to
cheaper cost, then this will define ALON, so the façade can itself
building construction specially foe work as load resisting and
tall building, at present the cost of stiffening membrane. This will
ALON is 5 times that of Glass- be the future scope of work for
ceramic per square unit area. researchers.
REFERENCE
• https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-s
pie/5786/0000/A-historical-view-of-ALON/10.1117/12.59803
1.short?SSO=1
• https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8095
• https://www.slideshare.net/akbariasif12/asif-akbari-bem711-tr
ansparent-aluminium
• http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/inde
x.php

Aluminum Oxynitride (Aka Transparent Aluminum) : Reported By: Lulab, Daisy Jane B. Reported By: Lulab, Daisy Jane B

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Copyright:

Available Formats

ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE

(aka Transparent Aluminum)

Reported by: Lulab, Daisy Jane B.

Chemical Formulae A123-1/3X027+XN5-X (0.429<X<2)

Chemical Resistant (Yes/No)

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