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    Esm Infrared Spectrophotometer

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    Nuralia Radiani Rustam
    The document describes how an infrared spectrophotometer can be used to identify functional groups in organic compounds. It works by passing infrared radiation through a sample and detecting the frequencies that are absorbed, which correspond to vibrations of different bonds. This produces a spectrum that can reveal key absorption bands that indicate the presence of functional groups like C=O, C-H, O-H, and C=C. Interpreting the spectrum involves comparing it to known absorption ranges for different bond types and looking for matches in the fingerprint region below 1500 cm-1.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Esm Infrared Spectrophotometer

    Uploaded by

    Nuralia Radiani Rustam
    44 views11 pages
    The document describes how an infrared spectrophotometer can be used to identify functional groups in organic compounds. It works by passing infrared radiation through a sample and detecting the frequencies that are absorbed, which correspond to vibrations of different bonds. This produces a spectrum that can reveal key absorption bands that indicate the presence of functional groups like C=O, C-H, O-H, and C=C. Interpreting the spectrum involves comparing it to known absorption ranges for different bond types and looking for matches in the fingerprint region below 1500 cm-1.

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    The document describes how an infrared spectrophotometer can be used to identify functional groups in organic compounds. It works by passing infrared radiation through a sample and detecting the frequencies that are absorbed, which correspond to vibrations of different bonds. This produces a spectrum that can reveal key absorption bands that indicate the presence of functional groups like C=O, C-H, O-H, and C=C. Interpreting the spectrum involves comparing it to known absorption ranges for different bond types and looking for matches in the fingerprint region below 1500 cm-1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views11 pages

    Esm Infrared Spectrophotometer

    Uploaded by

    Nuralia Radiani Rustam
    The document describes how an infrared spectrophotometer can be used to identify functional groups in organic compounds. It works by passing infrared radiation through a sample and detecting the frequencies that are absorbed, which correspond to vibrations of different bonds. This produces a spectrum that can reveal key absorption bands that indicate the presence of functional groups like C=O, C-H, O-H, and C=C. Interpreting the spectrum involves comparing it to known absorption ranges for different bond types and looking for matches in the fingerprint region below 1500 cm-1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Infrared Spectrophoto

    meter
    ESM
    Infrared Spectrophotometer
    • This presentation describes the infrared spectrum and how this spectr
    um is obtained from bond vibrations in organic compounds and their
    main use in identifying functional groups in organic compounds.
    Infrared spectrophotometers are generally used for:
    1. Determine the functional groups of an organic compound

    2. Find out the structural information of an organic compound by com


    paring the fingerprint area
    preliminary
    • Visible light consists of several different electromagonic frequency ran
    ges where each frequency can be seen as a different color. The energy
    produced by this radiation will cause vibrations or vibrations in the m
    olecule. Infrared absorption bands are very specific and specific for ea
    ch type of chemical bond or functional group. This method is very use
    ful for identifying organic and organometallic compounds.
    Schematic infrared spectrophotometer
    The shape of the infrared spectrum
    • The resulting spectrum is in the form of a graph that shows the perce
    ntage of transmittance that varies at each frequency of infrared radia
    tion.
    Causes of infrared frequency absorp
    tion
    • Every frequency of light, including infrared, has a certain energy. If the
    frequency of light passed is absorbed by the compound being investig
    ated, it means that the energy is transferred to the compound. The a
    mount of energy absorbed by the compound will affect the molecular
    condition of the compound. Infrared radiation energy is related to the
    energy needed for the vibrations of a bond.
    Causes of infrared frequency absorp
    tion
    Bond Stretching Bonding Bonds
    • In a covalent bond, the atom is n • . The ups and downs of a bond in
    ot bound by a rigid relationship. volve a certain amount of energy
    These two nuclei can experience so that each bond will absorb en
    forward-backward and / or side ergy at different frequencies fro
    ways vibrations with each other. m infrared radiation.
    How to interpret the infrared spectr
    um
    • Identification of each bond absorption that is typical of each function
    al group is the basis of the interpretation of the infrared spectrum.
    Wave Numbers Bonds Type
     (ν,cm-1)

      3750-3000 regang O-H, N-H


    regang -CH3, -CH2-, C-H,
      3000-2700
    C-H
    aldehid
      2400-2100 regang -C≡C-, C≡N
    regang C=O (asam, aldehid,
      1900-1650 keton,
    amida, ester, anhidrida
    regang C=C (aromatik dan
    1675-1500 alifatik), C=N
    1475-1300 C-H bending

    1000-650 C=C-H, Ar-H bending


    How to interpret the infrared spectr
    um
    • rules for interpreting IR spectrum. But several conditions must be met i
    n interpreting the spectrum:
    1. The spectrum must be sharp and clear and have the right I ntensity
    2. The spectrum must come from pure compounds
    3. The spectrophotometer must be calibrated so that it will
    produce a band or absorption at the right wave number
    4. The method of sample preparation must be stated. If solvents
    are used, the type of solvent, concentration and cell thickness must be
    known
    How to interpret the infrared spectr
    um
    • The IR spectrum is very useful for identifying a compound by comparing it to the sp
    ectrum of a standard compound especially in the fingerprint region. Practically, the
    IR spectrum can only be used to determine functional groupAn IR chromophore will
    provide information that is very useful in determining the structure if:
    1. The chromophore should not provide absorption in very complicated areas (500-1
    500 cm-1) where there will be overlapping stretch absorbance of the C-X bond (X =
    O, N)
    2. The chromophore should absorb strongly to avoid doubts due to noise, but in an e
    mpty area (1800-2500 cm-1) even weak absorption will provide very useful informa
    tion.
    3. The absorption frequency must be interpreted as if the absorption C = O will be in
    the area of ​1630 and 1850 cm-1s.
    Infrared Spectrum for Carboxylic Co
    mpounds
    Ethanoic Acid

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