Anglo - Dutch TREATY (1824)

ANGLO – DUTCH
TREATY (1824)
OVERVIEW
 The treaty was signed between the British
and the Dutch Governments
 Intended to remove all outstanding disputes
and friction between their commercial
agents in the East
 An imaginary line was drawn through the
Straits of Malacca and south of the Straits of
Malacca and south of Singapore
 Divided SEA into 2 spheres of influence
REASONS FOR SIGNING
1.Anglo-Dutch Rivalry over Trade in the East
 Treaty aimed at removing prevailing

commercial rivalry
 Both were striving to control trade in SEA
 This led to friction, discrimination and rivalry
 Dutch policy of trade monopoly vs British
belief in free trade aggravated situation.
3.British Policy of Friendship with the Dutch
 To counter French expansion in Europe

 Both were not prepared to declare war
 on each other for political and financial reasons
3.British Policy of Friendship with the Dutch
BRITAIN
 Holland was a vital line of defence
 A stepping stone for French military operations
against Britain in the Napoleonic Wars (1793-181 5)
 To prevent the French from doing so again, Britain
had to obtain Dutch support against the French
HOLLAND
 Owed Britain a huge debt; borrowed heavily from

Britain during the war
 Anxious not to antagonize the British
 Thus requested Britain to open negotiations to
settle outstanding disputes
 Also to maintain Anglo-Dutch unity in Europe
TERMS OF THE
TREATY
HOLLAND
1.TERRITORIAL TERMS
 Cede to Britain all Dutch factories in India

 Withdraw objections to British occupation of
Singapore
 Give Malacca and all her dependencies to Britain
 No establishments or treaties in the Malaya
Peninsular
BRITAIN
 Cede to Holland Bencoolen and all EIC possessions

in Sumatra
 No British settlements or treaties in
• The Carimun Islands
• The Rhio-Lingga Archipelago
• Any other islands south of the Straits of
Singapore
 Both agreed not to interfere in the affairs of each
other’s sphere’s of influence
2. COMMERCIAL TERMS
 Holland was allowed trade monopoly of the

Moluccas but not of the Malay Archipelago as a
whole
 Holland was not to discriminate unfairly against
British trade
 Dutch monopoly Tin Treaties with Perak
and Selangor to lapse
 Each to grant the other “most- favoured nation”
treatment in India, Ceylon and the Archipelago
3. OTHER TERMS
 Both agreed to co-operate in the suppression

of piracy
 Holland to pay Britain £100,000 in full settlement

of all outstanding claims
EFFECTS OF THE
TREATY
1. Anglo-Dutch rivalry did not end
2. Final Break-up of the Johore Empire
3. Naning War (1831-1832)
4. Changed relations between British EIC & Acheh
5. Failure to co-operate in suppressing piracy
6. Paved the way for British and Dutch Expansion
PANGKOR TREATY
1874
 Pangkor Treaty was an agreement signed
on 20 January 1874 between the Governor of
the Straits Settlements Sir Andrew Clarke of
the British and the Raja Muda Abdullah is in
power in Hilir Perak
 This agreement was signed on board HMS
Pluto is anchored in the Straits of walls ,
namely in the waters between lumut and
pulau pangkor.
CAUSE
 Silver was then the producer of tin that
precedes the main United Kingdom in the
19th century.
 This agreement is the death of Sultan Ali
pistillate than in 1871
 Dissatisfaction led King Abdullah asking for
help in English.
 there is enmity of two Chinese secret
societies, the Ghee Hin , led by Chin Ah Yam
and the Hai San which is headed by Chung
Keng Quee to grab the tin mines.
TERMS AND
CONDITIONS
 Raja Abdullah was acknowledged as the legitimate Sultan
to replace Sultan Ismail who would be given a title and a
pension of 1000 Mexican pesos a month.
 The Sultan would receive a British Resident whose advice
had to be sought and adhered to in all matters except
those pertaining to the religion and customs of the Malays.
 All collections and control of taxes as well as the
administration of the state had to be done under the name
of the Sultan but arranged according to the Resident's
advice.
 The Minister of Larut would continue to be in control, but
would no longer be recognized as a liberated leader.
Instead, a British Officer, who would have a vast authority
in administrating the district, would be appointed in
Larut.
 The Sultan and not the British government would pay the
Resident's salary
 Perak ceded Dinding and Pangkor Island to the British.
RESULT
 Raja Abdullah was made Sultan and Sir
James W.W. Birch was appointed as Perak's
first British Resident after the treaty came to
force.
 Raja Abdullah was made Sultan and Sir
James W.W. Birch was appointed as Perak's
first British Resident after the treaty came to
force.
 the British actively became involved in three
other Malay states, Negeri Sembilan,
Selangor and Pahang.
BANGKOK TREATRY
(1909)
 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty , also known as
Bangkok Agreement or the 1909 Anglo-
Siamese Treaty in 1909.This agreement held
at the Palace of the King of Thailand in
Bangkok which are operated by the
Governor of the Straits Settlements of
Sir John Anderson .
 the Malay states was consolidated as the
most appropriate features of the same in
terms of language , religion ,
race , lifestyle , culture and others.
 This agreement is an agreement to-8 in an
effort to dominate the northern British
Malaya. Before this Agreement is:
 Burney Treaty 1826

 Siam Confidential Agreement - Britain 1894
 British Treaty - France 1896
 Siam Confidential Agreement - Britain 1897
 Siamese Treaty of Britain 1902
 Pact Britain - France 1902
CONTENTS OF
AGREMENT
 Malay kingdom of Pattani, which covers an
area of Yala and Naratihwat in
Thailand confirmed as a tributary Thailand /
Siam. Yet the Malay kingdom of Pattani not
consulted in the agreement.
 Kedah , Perlis , Kelantan and Terengganu whi
ch was previously occupied by Siam handed
over to Britain .
 Kedah and Perlis to receive a British adviser
in 1909.
 Kelantan received a British adviser in 1910.
 City received a British adviser in 1919.
REPRESENTATIVES
 Kingdom of Siam are represented by Keluong Wan
Hussain, speaker of Siam in Betong.
 British Government was represented by Sir John
Anderson (Governor of the Straits Settlements), based
in Singapore .
 Perak Government is represented by:
 Wan Muhammad Isa , Orang Kaya Minister
 Wan Mohamed Salleh , Orang Kaya-Kaya Seri Adika
Raja.
 EW Birch , the British Resident of Perak .
 U.S. Jelf MCS, Assistant Secretary to the British
Resident of Perak.
 H. Berkeley, District Judge Hulu Perak
 G. Simpson, Inspector of Police of Kuala Kangsar
 JD Kemp, Manager Hydrolic Rahman Tin Limited, Klian
Diamond / Taiping .
TERM AND
CONDITION
 Siam agreed to hand over Kedah, Kelantan,
Terengganu and Perlis to the British
 British advisor was appointed in each state
 British Confidential Agreement - 1897

revoked Siam
 the British surrendered the territory to

separate Siamese

Anglo - Dutch TREATY (1824)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anglo - Dutch TREATY (1824)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anglo - Dutch TREATY (1824)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ANGLO – DUTCH

 Treaty aimed at removing prevailing

 To counter French expansion in Europe

 Owed Britain a huge debt; borrowed heavily from

 Cede to Britain all Dutch factories in India

 Cede to Holland Bencoolen and all EIC possessions

 Holland was allowed trade monopoly of the

 Both agreed to co-operate in the suppression

 Holland to pay Britain £100,000 in full settlement

 Burney Treaty 1826

 British advisor was appointed in each state

 British Confidential Agreement - 1897

 the British surrendered the territory to

You might also like