Hindi Alphabet by Deepak Bhardwaj

Vowels in Hindi Alphabet
(हिन्दी वर्णमाला के स्वर)
अ As ‘a’ in mal

आ Stressed अ
इ As ‘I’ in ill
ई As ‘e’ in eke
उ As ‘u’ in Ubuntu
ऊ As ‘ou’ in you
ऋ As ‘rhy’ in rhythm
ॠ Conjugated sound of ‘r’ and
‘rhy’ as above
ए As ‘e’ in par se
ऐ As ‘a’ in as
ओ As ‘o’ in go
औ Stressed and long sound of ‘o’
Consonants in Hindi Alphabet
( हिन्दी वर्णमाला के व्यंजन)
क As ‘k’ in kite

ख Coupled sound of ‘k’,
‘h’= ‘kh’
ग As ‘g’ in gun
घ Coupled sound of ‘g’,
‘h’= ‘gh’
ङ As ‘gn’ in gnome. Does
not produce a particular sound:
Just used for articulation of
च As ‘ch’ in chair
छ This sound is not available in
English. The tongue touches a bit away (to
the inner side) from the teeth while
pronouncing ‘ch’ as in chair.
ज As ‘j’ in jug
झ This sound is not available in
English. The is produced using the naval
sounds while the tongue touches the upper
part of mouth cavity.
ञ Just like ‘gn’ of gnome with a slight
up movement of tongue. No particular
sound just articulation while speaking.
ट As ‘t’ in top
ठ Hard sound of ‘t’. Not
available in English.
ड As ‘d’ in dark
ढ Coupled sound of ‘d’ and
‘h’= ‘dh’. Not available in English but as
‘dh’ in Indian musical instrument ‘dhol’.
ण Nasal sound when the tongue
touches a bit away from teeth.
In न, the tongue touches the roots of
the teeth.
त Soft sound of ‘t’ as used
in the name of country Bharat
थ As ‘th’ in thermo
द As ‘th’ in the
ध Not available in English.
Again, naval sound produced by
coupling soft ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’.
न As ‘n’ in man
प As ‘p’ in push
फ Sound of ‘f’ if pronounced with
closed lips. ‘f’ of German
language.
ब As ‘b’ in ban
भ Not available in English.
Coupled sound of ‘b’ and ‘h’= ‘bh’.
म As ‘m’ in mass
य As ‘y’ in yacht
र As ‘r’ in run
ल As ‘l’ in love
व As ‘v’ in vowel
श As ‘sh’ in shot
ष Sound of ‘sh’ when the
tongue touches the roots of the
teeth. In श, the tongue touches the
upper part of mouth cavity.
स As ‘s’ in sound
ह As ‘h’ in has
ज्ञ Coupled sound of ‘g’ and ‘y’=
‘gy’
त्र Coupled sound of soft ‘t’
and ‘r’= ‘tr’.
क्ष Coupled sound of ‘k’, ‘s’,
‘h’= ‘ksh’. A bit similar to ‘x’
श्र Coupled sound of ’s’, ‘h’, ‘r’=
’shr’. As ’shr’ in shroud
Variations of consonants in Hindi Alphabet
क़ Sound of ‘k’ produced from the throat: equal

to ‘q’ of English.
ख़ Sound of ‘kh’ produced from the throat. As
‘kh’ used in the name of ‘khan’.
ग़ Sound of ‘g’ produced from the throat.
ज़ As ‘z’ in zebra
ड़ Next variation of ‘d’. Not available in English
and very difficult to produce for foreigners. As ‘re’ in
Crore.
ढ़ Not available in English. Next variation of
coupled sound of ‘dh’.
फ़ As ‘f’ in fast. As ‘v’ in German language
ळ Sound of ‘l’ when the tongue almost touches
the throat.
Specials characters in Hindi Alphabet
ऑ As ‘a’ in ball

ऍ As ‘ai’ in main
Symbols used in Hindi Alphabet
ँ Sound of ‘n’ with the previous

consonant along with some other symbols used
for that consonant
ं Sound of ‘n’ with the previous
consonant
ः Sound of ‘h’ with the previous
consonant
ा Sound of stressed ‘a’ with the previous
consonant
ि Sound of ‘i’ as in ill with the previous
consonant
ी Sound of ‘e’ as in eke with the previous
consonant
ु Sound of ‘u’ as in Ubuntu with the
previous consonant
ू Sound of ‘ou’ as in you with the
previous consonant
ृ Sound of ‘rhy’ as in rhythm with the
previous consonant
ॄ Double sound of ‘rhy’ as in rhythm with
the previous consonant
ॅ Used for transliteration. Giving the up
sound to the symbol used.
े Sound of ‘ai’ as in aim with the
previous consonant
ै Sound of ‘a’ as in as with the previous
consonant
ॉ Sound of ‘a’ as in ball with the previous
consonant
ो Sound of ‘o’ as in go with the previous
consonant
ौ Stressed sound of ‘o’
् Halant. This is used to make the
consonant half making it disjointed from the sound
of अ.
। Symbol of ‘.’ Full stop in English.
Numeric symbols used in Hindi (0-9)
०
१
२
३
४
५
६
७
८
९

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Vowels in Hindi Alphabet

(हिन्दी वर्णमाला के स्वर)

अ As ‘a’ in mal

क As ‘k’ in kite

क़ Sound of ‘k’ produced from the throat: equal

ऑ As ‘a’ in ball

ँ Sound of ‘n’ with the previous

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