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    It User Fundamentals: Instructor: Sanam Fayaz

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    AIJAZ ALI ABDUL LATIF
    The document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, RAM, ROM, hard disk, and power supply. It also discusses peripheral hardware like the monitor, keyboard, and printer. The document explains that system software manages the computer's hardware and allows it to run application programs for end users.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    It User Fundamentals: Instructor: Sanam Fayaz

    Uploaded by

    AIJAZ ALI ABDUL LATIF
    20 views19 pages
    The document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, RAM, ROM, hard disk, and power supply. It also discusses peripheral hardware like the monitor, keyboard, and printer. The document explains that system software manages the computer's hardware and allows it to run application programs for end users.

    Original Title

    Lecture-2 ITUF

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    The document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, RAM, ROM, hard disk, and power supply. It also discusses peripheral hardware like the monitor, keyboard, and printer. The document explains that system software manages the computer's hardware and allows it to run application programs for end users.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views19 pages

    It User Fundamentals: Instructor: Sanam Fayaz

    Uploaded by

    AIJAZ ALI ABDUL LATIF
    The document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes the main internal hardware components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, RAM, ROM, hard disk, and power supply. It also discusses peripheral hardware like the monitor, keyboard, and printer. The document explains that system software manages the computer's hardware and allows it to run application programs for end users.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    IT USER

    FUNDAMENTALS

    Instructor:
    Sanam Fayaz
    Hardware
    • All of the electronic equipment in a computer is called the
    hardware.
    • Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or
    components of a computer
    • Examples include:

    • Case
    • Motherboard
    • Hard disk
    • RAM
    • Power supply
    • Processor
    Peripherals

    • Peripherals are devices that connect to the system unit using


    cables or wireless technologies. Typical peripherals include:

    • Monitor
    • Keyboard
    • Printer
    • Plotter
    • Scanner
    • Speakers
     
    Plotter
    System Unit/Tower/ Case
    • The system unit is the main container for system devices.
    • The case keeps them neatly and safely together.
    • Typical system unit devices include:

    • Motherboard
    • CPU (Processor)
    • Memory
    • Disk drives
    • Ports - USB etc.
    • Power supply 
    • Expansion cards - sound card, network card, graphics
    card etc.
    System Unit/ Tower/Case
    Inside the System Unit

    – Motherboard
    – Power Supply
    – Cooling Fan
    – Expansion Slots
    Processor

    • A central processing unit


    • An integrated circuit (IC) supplied on a single silicon chip.
    • It’s function is to control all the computers functions. The main
    processor manufacturers are:

    • AMD - Athlon(desktop) and Turion (laptop)


    • Intel - Pentium(desktop) and Centrino (mobile)
     

    AMD
    Processor
    Random Access Memory (RAM)

    • Primary storage - main computer memory.


    • Data, programs currently in use are held in RAM
    • Volatile - contents of memory are lost if the computer is turned off
    • Module -  is a printed circuit board on which memory
    integrated circuits are mounted.

    IC’s
    Memory
    Module
    Read Only Memory (ROM)

    • Memory chips containing permanent data.


    • ROM is non-volatile
    • Contain Boot Firmware
    • Code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up,
    • e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating
    system into RAM.
    • On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.
    RAM ROM
    Motherboard

    Mainboard or system board - the main circuit board


    for the computer system. All device in the computer
    system will either be part of the motherboard or
    connected to it.
      Memory
    Sockets
    Processor
    Socket
    Chipset

    PCI
    Ports Slots
    Graphics
    Slot
    Motherboard
    IDE , SATA and PCI
    – Serial Advanced technology Attachment
    – IDE and SATA are different types of interfaces to connect
    storage devices (like hard drives) to a computer's system bus.
    – IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is also called Parallel ATA
    or PATA. 
    – SATA is the newer standard and SATA drives are faster
    than PATA (IDE) drives.
    Power Supply

    A computer power supply has a number of functions:


    • Converts Alternating current (AC) Direct current (DC)
    • Transforms mains voltage (240 Volts) to the voltages
    required by the computer. The main voltages are:
    • 12 volts for the disk drives as they have motors
    • 3.3 and 5 volts for the circuit boards in the computer
    Power Supply
    Power Supply Connectors
    Software

    – System Software
    – Application Software
    System Software

    – System software is a type of computer program that is


    designed to run a computer's hardware and application
    programs.
    –  It is the interface between the hardware and user
    applications
    Application Software

    – software created for a specific purpose


    – program or collection of programs used by end users

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