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    Respiration Form 3

    Uploaded by

    Akif Farhan
    The document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes how respiration works to release energy from glucose and oxygen. It then outlines the structure of the lungs and respiratory tract, how air moves from the nostrils to the alveoli. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli through diffusion. The mechanism of breathing is explained through the actions of the diaphragm and rib cage. Oxygen is transported through the body via diffusion into blood and binding to hemoglobin to be delivered to cells.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Respiration Form 3

    Uploaded by

    Akif Farhan
    56 views19 pages
    The document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes how respiration works to release energy from glucose and oxygen. It then outlines the structure of the lungs and respiratory tract, how air moves from the nostrils to the alveoli. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli through diffusion. The mechanism of breathing is explained through the actions of the diaphragm and rib cage. Oxygen is transported through the body via diffusion into blood and binding to hemoglobin to be delivered to cells.

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    Respiration-Form-3.ppt

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    The document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes how respiration works to release energy from glucose and oxygen. It then outlines the structure of the lungs and respiratory tract, how air moves from the nostrils to the alveoli. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli through diffusion. The mechanism of breathing is explained through the actions of the diaphragm and rib cage. Oxygen is transported through the body via diffusion into blood and binding to hemoglobin to be delivered to cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    56 views19 pages

    Respiration Form 3

    Uploaded by

    Akif Farhan
    The document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes how respiration works to release energy from glucose and oxygen. It then outlines the structure of the lungs and respiratory tract, how air moves from the nostrils to the alveoli. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli through diffusion. The mechanism of breathing is explained through the actions of the diaphragm and rib cage. Oxygen is transported through the body via diffusion into blood and binding to hemoglobin to be delivered to cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    RESPIRATIO

    N
    Human breathing mechanism
    • Respiration = chemical process whereby
    energy is released from glucose or other
    simple substances
    Glucose + oxygen energy + carbon dioxide + water

    • Oxygen taken into body when we breathe


    • Glucose from food we eat
    • Exchange of gases known as breathing
    Structure of human respiratory
    system
    Structure of lung
    • Lungs are made up of :
    – bronchioles
    – Alveoli (singular : alveolus)
    – Blood capilaries
    • Lungs are protected by rib cage
    • Thoracic cavity = houses of the lung
    Flow of air from the atmosphere to
    the lungs
    Nostril

    Nasal cavity

    Trachea

    Bronchus

    Bronchiole

    Alveolus
    • Gaseous exchange takes
    place in the lungs by diffusion
    An alveolus has adaptations to allow it
    to exchange gases effectively.
    • Large number – to increase surface area
    • Moist – to dissolve gas before diffuse into
    blood
    • Network of blood capillary- to transport
    gas faster
    • Alveolus one cell thick-gas easy to diffuse
    The breathing mechanism
    • Process of taking air into lung = inhalation
    • Air enter lung = inhaled air
    • Process of expelling air from lung =
    exhalation
    • Air expelled from lung = exhaled air
    Inhalation
    Exhalation
    Inhalation Exhalation

    External intercostal External intercostal


    muscles contract muscles relax
    Rib cage moves upwards Rib cage moves moves
    and outwards downwards and inwards
    The diaphragm contracts The diaphragm relaxes
    and flatens and curves upwards
    The volume of the The volume of the
    thoracic cavity increase thoracic cavity decrease
    The air pressure in the The air pressure in the
    thoracic cavity decreases thoracic cavity inreases
    Air enters the lungs Air is forced out of the
    lungs
    The breathing mechanism
    Glass tube
    Bell jar
    Balloon expand Balloon contract

    Rubber sheet
    Explanation for breathing mechanism using
    bell jar
    • Bell jar = rib cage
    • Balloons = lungs
    • Rubber sheet = diaphragm
    • When rubber sheet is pulled downwards, air
    pressure inside bell jar is lowered. Balloons
    expand
    • When rubber sheet is pulled upwards, air
    pressure inside bell jar increased. Balloons
    contract
    Transport of oxygen in the human
    body
    • Involve the following process
    – Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into blood
    capillaries
    – Transport of oxygen by red blood cells
    – Diffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries into
    cells
    • Oxygen – diffuse from alveoli to the blood
    capillary
    • Carbon dioxide - diffuse from blood capillary to
    the alveoli
    Gas exchange in alveolus
    • Oxyigen are not soluble in red blood cell
    • red blood cell contain pigment - haemoglobin
    red in coloured
    • Oxygen will combine with haemoglobin
    • Haemoglobin + Oxygen -> oxyhaemoglobin
    Improtance of healthy respiratory
    system
    Effect of smoke to respiratory
    system
    • Cigarette smoke contains irritants chemical :
    • A carcinogen - an agent directly involved in
    causing cancer.
    • Nicotine – cause addicted
    • Carbon monoxide – cause death
    • Sulfur oxide – acidic = damages lung tissues
    • Tar – blackens the lungs and causes them to be
    less efficient for gaseous exchange

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