PSYCHOSOCIAL

PERSPECTIVE IN GENDER
AND SEXUALITY

GROUP 3:
DIAZ, LOVELY
LAJUM, KAREN GRACE
ILUSTRISIMO, MARYNELL
DEFENSOR, MARY GRACE
YSULAN, MARIEFEL
DAJAY, JEMINA
PEREZ, JADE ANGELI
LASPIÑAS, RALEEN JANE
PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE IN GENDER
AND SEXUALITY

Psychosocial – pertaining to psychological and social

factors and the interaction of these factors.
Psychology – a field of science which concerns itself with
how people think and feel and how thoughts and feelings
interact and lead to behavior.
3 primary psychological domain;
1. Affect – pertains to people’s emotions and feelings.

2. Behavior – pertains to people’s actions.

3. Cognitive – pertains to people’s thought processes

such as memory, perception and information
processing.
Sociology – A field of science which
concerns itself with human
person’s realities and experiences
as part of groups and institutions,
including the structures and
functions of these institutions and
the dynamics of human
relationships within them.
UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOSOCIAL
DIMENSION

 Self/other Awareness

 Intimacy and
relationship
 Socialization
 Meaning – making
 WELL-BEING AS A PSYCHOSOCIAL GOAL
The ultimate goal of understanding psychosocial
aspects of our experiences is well-being.
2 Sides of Well-being
• Object well-being – observed outward and
can be evaluated through the presence or absence
of particular elements in our environment.
• Subjective well-being – personal experiences of
satisfaction, meaning and purpose.
DIMENSIONS OF WELL-BEING
 Physical
 Emotional
 Mental
 Material
 Social
LESSON 9. LOVE, INTIMACY AND RELATIONSHIP

Introduction:
Robert Sternberg, a psychologist renowned for
his 1986 paper.
The Filipinos say “ I love you ‘ approximately
17 times in a week, making us sixth among the
countries in the survey, which are most articulate
and expressive.
LOVE AS A HUMAN EXPERIENCED

Love is human
experienced
differently defined
and conceptualized
LOVE IS A CULTURE UNIVERSAL

A culture Universal is a phenomenon

experienced similarly by people across
time and cultures.
Love is an experienced that transcents
time and culture.
The way we appreciate and experience
this phenomenon may be unique, but it
is a similar phenomenon altogether.
LOVE AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON

Social phenomenon are events or

experiences which ensue within our
interaction and relationship with other
people. Loving entails communication.
LOVE AS AN EMOTION

Love is also construed as an emotion.

Emotions are psychologically as we experience
particular life events.
The people involved, the place and time where
the emotion is experienced. Love, as we know it,
is a complex emotion.
LOVE AS A NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVENT
With recent advancement in science, love,
now, can be studied as a neurobiological event.
Every split of a second, information is being
passed on within our nervous system a
conglomerate of organs ( including our brain, our
spinal cord, and our nerves, among others)
responsible for our ability to process and transmit
essential information among the many organs in
our body.
Neubiologically, the experience of love is
associated with various parts of a brain.
THEORIZING LOVE

Since love is a rather complex idea,

which can be described, defined and
experienced in myriad of ways, several
theories and frameworks offer diverse
perspectives on how it can be
understood and explained.
PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW ON LOVE

Psychodynamic theory is a collective term,

which pertains to the psychoanalytic tradition
forwarded by Sigmund Freud (A viennese
neurologist), as well as the succeeding theories
that support, redefine, or refute his propositions .
In a nutshell, the psychodynamic theory posits
that we have desires and motives fueled by our
life (eros) and death (thanatos) instincts.
Color Wheel of love
John Alan Lee (1973), a
Canadian psychologist
suggested that there are
different types of love.
The Primary Types are :
 Eros (sexual and romantic)
 Philia (friendly)
 Storge (parental/filial love)

The Secondary Types are:

• Pragma (practical love)
• Agape (universal love)
• Philautia (self love)
TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE
• one of the most popular theories of love
model by sternberg(1986).
• This theory looks at love from a
psychometric stance which means that it is
generally concerned about trying to
measure love as a psychological variable
and in determining the various dimensions
and facets that love has as experienced by
people.
Three interlocking dimensions of love according to
Sternberg.
1. Passion

2. Intimacy

3. Commitment
ROMANTIC AND COMPASSIONATE LOVE

Hatfield and Rapson (1978-1993), suggests that

there are 2 general types of love: the romantic and
compassionate love.
Romantic love is characterized by intense passion
and compassionate love is characterized by intense
intimacy, emotional closeness which is also
characteristics of liking.
LOVE LANGUAGES

Gary Chapman, a world renown author, suggested

that people have various ways through whivh we
give and receive love referred as love languages.
Chapman posited that there are generally 5 love
languages namely: words of affirmation, touch,
time, gifts and acts of service.
 Words of affirmation tend to verbally express their
thoughts and feelings of love towards the people they
love.
 Those whose love language is touch express love non-
verbally through hugs, kisses or simply tap on the back.
 Those whose love language is Time tend to value quality
moments with their loved ones.
 Those love language is gifts, want to show and receive
affection through material objects especially during
special occasions.
 Those whose love language is act of service, are much
willing to serve the other person by helping her or him in
things that they do.
LOVE AND INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP

Although love studied and variedly-

theorized and remain abstract and
obscure human relationship. According
to Aristotle, the greek philosopher, he
widely quoted as referring to humans as
social animas.
5 STAGES OF INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP (GEORGE LEVINGER)

1) Acquaintance
2) Build up
3) Consolidation and Continuation
4) Decline or deterioration
5) Ending or termination
SEX AND SENSES
 THE PRIMARY SENSES
• Sense of sight (Visual)
• Sense of smell (Olfaction)
• Sense of hearing (Audition)
• Sense of taste ( Gustation)
• Sense of touch/feeling
Sensorium – the totality of our sensory experiences and perception.

THE HUMAN LIMBIC SYSTEM

• Hypothalamic Nuclei
• Amygdala
• Hippocampus
• Cingulate Gyrus
• Corpus Callosum
• Thalamus
Affevtive Primary Hypothesis (Zajonc
1980)
- Postulates that in many cases,
cognitive processing plays a lesser
role compared to our emotional
responses in eliciting behavior.
THREE PRIMARY EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
 Fight – response is when we face adverse or
dangerous stimuli squarli.
 Flight – response is when we move away
from the adverse or dangerous stimuli.
 Freeze – response on the other hand, is
when you are startled and are unable to
make a choice, thus, are unable to move.
Senses and Sexuality – having provided an
overview on how human affect the sensorium and
the brain’s limbic system coordinate.

Visual Experience - human are predominantly

visual. Our societies highly rely on visual culture to
create meaning and convey information.

Olfactory Experience – Olfaction in non-han

animals, which are believed to be microsmatic
organisms having greater sense of smell, have an
interest among psychologist since the 1950’s.
TACTILE EXPERIENCES

Touch is observed to be an element of

intimacy. Our body is covered in sin,
often reffered to as the largest bodily
organ. Our skin totally accounts for 16 to
20% of our body weight. It is a sensitive
organ as very square inch of it houses
more than a thousand nerve endings.
AUDITORY EXPERIENCE

Social interactions are not only

visual, but are also auditory
processes. Our human language often
have a verbal counterpart to the
written language. In fact, historically,
much of our culture are passed on
through oral traditions, even before
the writing system was developed.
SEXUAL BEHAVIORS

Sexual Behavior
Are actions that humans
agree to interpret as an
expression of their sexual
motivations or intentions.
Sexual behavior can be type according to the aim of the
behavior
1) Auto-erotic (self-directed)

2) Erotic motivation

3) Homoerotic

4) Heteroerotic

5) Copulation

6) Non-copulation (Kissing, hugging and caressing)

7) Oral Sex

8) Anal Sex

2 Positions in the process of copulation

1. Ventral-ventral position (ventris:abdomen)

2. Ventral-dorsal position
 SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
* SEQUENCE OF EVENTS FROM AROUSAL TO
ORGASM TO RESOLUTION OF SEXUAL TENSION.

4 Phases of the cycle by Master and Johnson’s Model:

1. Excitement

1) Plateau

2) Orgasm

3) Resolution

Kaplan’s Model
4) Desire

5) Arousal

6) Orgasm
SEXUAL RESPONSE DYSFUNCTION
-A PROBLEM IN ANY OF THE PHASES OF THE SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE.

1) Sexual desire disorder

2) Sexual arousal disorder
3) Orgasmic disorder
4) Sexual pain disorder
Sexual dysfunction disorders may be organic
and psychomatic.
STEREOTYPE, PREJUDICE, AND DISCRIMINATION

 STEREOTYPE- An over-generalized belief

about a particular group or class or people.
(Cardwell 1996)
 PREJUDICE- Is an unjustified or incorrect
attitude towards an individual based solely on the
individual’s membership of a social group.
(McLeod 2008)
 DISCRIMINATION- Refers to the
action or behaviors towards an
individual or a group of people.

 FREEDOM AND EQUALITY-

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (UDHR) states that
“all human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights.
 LESSON 13 LGBT
PSYCHOLOGY
Definition of terms;
 LGBT- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender; an
acronym used to refer to different genders.
 Lesbian- women who are emotionally sexually
attracted to men.
 Gay- men who are emotionally and sexually
attracted to men and women.
 Transgender- when your gender identity ( how
you feel) is different from your physical sex ( male
and female).
Views on LGBT in History
Sexual and emotional attraction towards the same sex has
been recorded throughout history of mankind.
In china 600 BCE, they used the terms pleasures of the
bitten peach and Brokeback. In Japan, they have shudo or
nonshuko . Kathoey used in Thailand to refer to lady boys. In
the Philippines we have the babaylan and the catalonan who
were mostly women priest, but some are males who lived their
live as women.
In ancient Greek, all males are expected to take on a
younger male lover in a practice called pederasty. Some
sociaties, like the indigenous native Americans, accepted and
celebrated what they called two-spirited person in a dance to
the berdache.
Alan Turing, the father of the modern
computing who was prosecuted in 1952
for homosexual acts. He was sentenced
with chemical castration treatment,
and he later died through cyanide
poisoning.
As a science advanced through years of
extensive research, the APA removed
homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder
or a sickness in 1973.
The ABC’S of the LGBTQIA+
The homosexual sounded too clinical and it no longer
adequately represents the diversity within the LGBT
community. These labels are changing, some you
may be familiar with, but others may be very new to
you, so let us try to explain it as explain it as we can.
 Lesbian

 Gay

 Bisexual

 Transgender

 Queer

 Intersex

 Asexually

 Plus
 Knowledge on the human sexuality is still
evolving. Here are a few more to help us
become more inclusive:
Androgynous

Gender

Gender Identity

Gender expression

Sexual orientation

Sex assigned at birth

Cisgender

Non-binary
UNDERSTANDING TRANSGENDERISM
Society attaches a lot of meanings to our
biological sex or physical sex. Parents
unknowingly set up a gender-based pattern of
raising their children upon knowing the
biological sex of their babies.

Heteronormative culture
- We expect females to be feminine and
males to be masculine.
Who is a transgender?

-The APA defines transgender as “an umbrella term” for persons

whose gender identity, gender expression, or behaviour does not comfort
to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at
birth. They are the people whose gender identity is different from their
biological sex and they may want to change their body, so it resembles
how they feel about their gender identity.

Heteronormative society

-everyone is expected and forced to fit in the boxes of male

masculinity and female femininity.
• The word transgender is also used as an umbrella term, this means that
there are many identities under this term.

 Other sexualities under the transgender umbrella term includes:

• FTM – female to male, a person whose biological sex is female and has
transitioned to living his life as a male.
• MTF – male to female, a person whose biological sex is male and has
transitioned to living her life as a female.

• CROSSDRESSING – some people want to dress as the opposite gender

from time to time, however, unlike the transsexual, they are comfortable
identifying with their biological sex.

• DRAG KINGS AND QUEENS – these are people who dress as the opposite
gender for entertainment which they do out of passion or for work.

• GENDER QUEER – these are people who feel like their gender does not
fit the gender binary view that is limited to the male or female category
because they feel that these are too restricted.


THE TRANSITIONING PROCESS

-When a person realizes that he or she may be

transgender, a psychologist can guide the person through
the transition especially when a person wants to go through
permanent changes like sex reassignment surgery. There
are transgender people who cannot have or do not want to
have hormonal replacement therapy or sex reassignment
surgery because of personal, economic, or cultural reasons
and that is okay. Transitioning to another gender is very
challenging process for many transgender people because
of the social stigma, discrimination, medical cost,
accessibility of medical treatment and support, oppressive
laws in each country, and the treat of violence from
prejudiced people.
MEN AND MASCULINITIES
Masculinities – a social, cultural and historical
construction of men dependent on and related to other
factors such as class, ethnicity, sexuality, age and disability.
Hegemonic masculinity – form of masculinity which is
culturally dominant in a given setting.
Protest masculinity – form of masculinity which is
culturally dominant in marginalized setting.
Caring masculinity – proposes that men are able to adopt
what is viewed as traditionally feminine characteristics.