Medical and Surgical Device

Medical and surgical device
What is a Medical Device?

“any instrument, apparatus, appliance, material
or other article, whether used alone or in
combination, including the software necessary for
its proper application intended by the
manufacturer to be used on human beings for the
purpose of:
– diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment
or alleviation of disease,
– diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, or alleviation
of or compensation for an injury or handicap,
2
– investigation, replacement or modification of
the anatomy or of a physiological process,
– control of conception
and which does not achieve its principal
intended action in or on the human body by
pharmacological, immunological or metabolic
means, but which may be assisted in its function
by such means.”
HealthCare Activities
 Prevention
 Diagnosis
 Curative (therapeutic)
 Rehabilitation
 Palliative care (when cure is not
possible)
4
Medical Imaging Devices (in vivo diagnosis)
 X-ray projection imaging
 Computerised Tomography (CT)
 Ultrasound (USI), Doppler imaging
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 Radionuclide imaging (nuclear
medicine)
 Thermography
 Etc.
5
Medical Laboratory Devices (in vitro diagnosis)
 sample separation, centrifugation
etc
 electrophoresis, capillary
electrophoresis
 pH / ISE meters
 particle / cell counters
 spectrophotometers
 flow cytometry
 microscopy
 HPLC (chromatography)
 haematology
 immunology
 scintillation systems
 genetic analysis
6
Physiological Measurement Devices
(in vivo diagnosis)
 Instruments for measuring physical and chemical
variables in vivo
 Thermometers
 Cardiovascular physiology: blood pressure monitors,
flowmeters, pulsed Doppler US systems
 Electrophysiology: ECG, EEG, EMG
 Audiology and ophthalmology
 Respiratory physiology: spirometers, pulse oximetry,
impedance pneumograph….
 Endoscopes
7
ECG (aka EKG)
Screen of a multipurpose clinical monitor sphygmomanometer 8

Paediatric Intensive Care
9
Endoscopy
10
Radiotherapy Devices
 X-ray and electron, resp.
hadron beams from
accelerators (shape, direction,
and intensity of beam changed
often continuously)
 gamma-ray beams from tele-
isotope radioactive sources Linear accelerator
like Co-60
 brachytherapy
 dosimeters
Leksell gamma knife

11
Physical therapy Devices
 Electrotherapy
 UV and IR therapy
Ultrasound
 Shortwave diathermy therapy unit
 Ultrasound therapy
 Laser therapy
Shortwave diathermy
Muscle stimulator
Laser therapy
unit
13
Prosthetic Devices - Implants
Robotic device for knee

prosthesis implantation
14
Prosthetic Devices – „Artificial Organs“
Artificial heart
Cochlear implant Ventilator
Cardiopul-
monary bypass
Retinal implant
15
Devices for Self-testing (‘home devices’)
 'device for self-testing`: any
device intended by the
manufacturer to be able to
be used by lay persons in a
home environment
 thermometers, pressure
measuring instruments etc
 test kits (pregnancy,
glucose levels in blood
used by diabetes patients
etc)
Blood glucose
meter 16
Disposable Medical Devices
Suction catheter
Umbilical cord clamp
I.V. cannulae
17
BASIC SURGICAL TOOLS
Surgical instruments are

- precisely designed and manufactured tools.
- for single (disposable) or multiple use (non-disposable),
- must be resisted physical and chemical effects, body
fluids, secretions, cleaning agents and sterilization
For this reason, most of them are made of high-quality stainless steel;
chromium and vanadium alloys ensure the durability of edges,
springiness and resistance to corrosion.
Classification:
1. Cutting and dissecting instruments
2. Grasping, clamping, occluding
instruments
3. Hemostatic instruments
4. Retracting and exposing instruments
5. Wound-closing instruments and materials
6. Special instruments
1. Cutting and dissecting instruments
The function of these instruments is to

divide tissues, sutures, bandages, etc.
1.1. Scalpels
Handle and
detachable blade
Blades
Conventional scalpel
Use of scalpels
Fiddle-bow-holding Pencil-holding
1.2. Scissors
Use of ring-ended instruments with right and left hands
1-4 instrument-holding
1.3. Dissecting hemostatic forceps
Pean
Mosquito abdominal Pean
Three mail functions: - dissecting tool,

- grasping tool,
- hemostatic tool.
1.4. Electrocoagulating system

Monopolar Bipolar
1.5. Ultrasonic 1.6. CUSA 1.7. CO2-LASER,

cutting system (Cavitron Ultrasonic neodymium-YAG-LASER
Surgical Aspirator)
1.8. Dissector 1.9. Amputating knives 1.10. Saws 1.11. Raspatories

2. Grasping, clamping and occluding instruments
These istruments are used to grasp, pick up, hold

and manipulate tissues, tools and materials.
2.1. Forceps
Anatomical Surgical Ophtalmological Ring tip forceps Dental

forceps forceps forceps forceps
Use of forceps
Forceps should be held

like a pencil!
Forceps must never be held in the palm!!!!!!

2.2. Towel-holding clamps
Bachaus towel clamp Schaedel towel clips

2.3. Hemostatic forceps

Traumatic Ι Atraumatic hemostatic forceps
Kocher Lumnitzer Bulldog Blalock Satinsky

2.4. Needle holders
Mathieu needle holder Hegar needle holder

2.5. Organ clamps

Allis Ringed gallblader clamp Babcock
(lungs) (gallblader)
Klammer (intestinal clamp)

2.6. Sponge-holding clamp
Sponge-holding Handled sponge

clamp
3. Hemostatic instruments
These instruments are establishing hemostasis

during the operation.
Important member of this group are the hemostatic claps (Pean,

mosquito, abdominal Pean, Kocher, Lumnitzer, Satinsky, bulldog)
and electocoagulatins system.
3.1. Deschamp needle and Payr probe

3.2. Argon beam coagulator (ABC)

4. Retracting and exposing instruments
These instruments are used to hold

tissues and organs in order
to improve the exposure and hence the visibility
and accessibility of the surgical field.
4.1. Hook 4.2. Rake retractor 4.3. Roux-retractor

4.4. French retractor 4.5. Visceral retractor 4.6. Abdominal

wall retractor
4.7. Weilaner self-retractor 4.8. Gosset self-retractor

5. Wound-closing instruments and materials
These instrument and surgical materials are used

during tissue closure procedures.
5.1. Staplers
Circular Stapler
Linear Stapler
5.2. Clips
5.3. Self-adhesive strips
Michel-clips
5.4. Surgical adhesives

5.5. Surgical materials

SURGICAL MATERIALS
Surgical needles
SURGICAL MATERIALS
Shape of needle
¼ Circle 3/8 Circle ½ Circle 5/8 Circle
Progressive curved
Multiple curved
Straight J-shaped
SURGICAL MATERIALS
The criteria of the ideal surgical needles
- Made in best quality and minimal tissue reaction causing

stainless steel
- Slim and narrow, but strong
- Stabil fixation and control in the needle holder
- Lead the thread by safely and minimal traumatisation
- Sharp to get through the tissues
- Easy sterilisation
Syringe
• A syringe is a simple pump consisting of a
plunger that fits tightly in a tube to assist
pushing liquids or solids into an object either
through a needle, tubing, or a nozzle.
• The most common use of a syringe is to
administer injections into the body
Anatomy of a Syringe
Syringes are available in various sizes
INSULIN SYRINGE
• Significantly small in size and are capable of
holding 0.3 to 1 ml of medication.
• Use for Subcutaneous Injections
• Finer gauge needles, for less pain.
Common Parenteral Routes of Drug
Administration

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Medical and surgical device

What is a Medical Device?

Screen of a multipurpose clinical monitor sphygmomanometer 8

Leksell gamma knife

Robotic device for knee

Umbilical cord clamp

Surgical instruments are

1. Cutting and dissecting instruments

The function of these instruments is to

Use of ring-ended instruments with right and left hands

1.3. Dissecting hemostatic forceps

Mosquito abdominal Pean

Three mail functions: - dissecting tool,

1.4. Electrocoagulating system

1.5. Ultrasonic 1.6. CUSA 1.7. CO2-LASER,

1.8. Dissector 1.9. Amputating knives 1.10. Saws 1.11. Raspatories

2. Grasping, clamping and occluding instruments

These istruments are used to grasp, pick up, hold

Anatomical Surgical Ophtalmological Ring tip forceps Dental

Forceps should be held

Forceps must never be held in the palm!!!!!!

2.2. Towel-holding clamps

Bachaus towel clamp Schaedel towel clips

2.3. Hemostatic forceps

Kocher Lumnitzer Bulldog Blalock Satinsky

2.4. Needle holders

Mathieu needle holder Hegar needle holder

2.5. Organ clamps

Klammer (intestinal clamp)

2.6. Sponge-holding clamp

Sponge-holding Handled sponge

These instruments are establishing hemostasis

Important member of this group are the hemostatic claps (Pean,

3.1. Deschamp needle and Payr probe

3.2. Argon beam coagulator (ABC)

4. Retracting and exposing instruments

These instruments are used to hold

4.1. Hook 4.2. Rake retractor 4.3. Roux-retractor

4.4. French retractor 4.5. Visceral retractor 4.6. Abdominal

4.7. Weilaner self-retractor 4.8. Gosset self-retractor

5. Wound-closing instruments and materials

These instrument and surgical materials are used

5.3. Self-adhesive strips

5.4. Surgical adhesives

5.5. Surgical materials

¼ Circle 3/8 Circle ½ Circle 5/8 Circle

The criteria of the ideal surgical needles

- Made in best quality and minimal tissue reaction causing

- Slim and narrow, but strong

- Stabil fixation and control in the needle holder

- Lead the thread by safely and minimal traumatisation

- Sharp to get through the tissues

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