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Making Decisions With Code: If Statements

The document discusses if statements in code and how they allow programs to make decisions based on different conditions being true or false. It covers the basics of if/else syntax and logical operators, handling user input, adding else clauses, and using boolean variables to track conditional states.

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lauliv
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Making Decisions With Code: If Statements

The document discusses if statements in code and how they allow programs to make decisions based on different conditions being true or false. It covers the basics of if/else syntax and logical operators, handling user input, adding else clauses, and using boolean variables to track conditional states.

Uploaded by

lauliv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Click to edit Master

Making decisions with code subtitle style

if statements

Susan Ibach | Technical Evangelist


Christopher Harrison | Content Developer
Every day we are faced with decisions

• Should I drive or take the bus?


• Should I cook at home or go out for dinner?
• Which laptop should I buy?
The choice we make depends on different conditions

• Should I drive or take the bus?


– Am I late? What’s the price of gas?
• Should I cook at home or go out for dinner?
– Do I have any food at home? Do I have enough money to go out?
• Which laptop should I buy?
– How much RAM do I need? How much money do I have?
If your code is going to solve problems, it has to
make decisions as well
• If the user maintained a bank account balance over $1000 waive
the transaction fees
• If a user cancels their appointment less than 24 hours before the
appointment time, charge a cancellation fee
• If the hockey player gets the puck in the net, add one to the
score
If statements allow you to specify code that only
executes if a specific condition is true

answer=input("Would you like express shipping?")
if answer == "yes" :
    print("That will be an extra $10")

What do you think the == symbol means?


You can use different symbols to check for different
conditions

== is equal to if answer == "yes" :
!= is not equal to if answer !=  "no" :
< is less than if total < 100 : 
> is greater than if total > 100 :
<= is less than or equal to if total <= 100 :
>= is greater than or equal to if total >= 100 :
If statements allow you to specify code that only
executes if a specific condition is true
answer=input("Would you like express shipping? ")
if answer == "yes" :
    print("That will be an extra $10")
print("Have a nice day")

Does it matter if that print statement is indented?


YES – the indented code is only executed if the
condition is true
DEMO
if statements
Click to edit Master
subtitle style

Real world if statements


Almost every if statement can be written two ways

if answer == "yes" :
if not answer == "no" :

if total < 100 :


if not total >= 100 :

Which do you prefer?


Write it the way you would say it

• If course is completed – send certificate to student


– if courseCompleted == "yes" :
• If order total under $50 – add shipping
– if total < 50 :
• If cat has not been vaccinated – call owner to set appointment
– if not vaccinated ==  "yes" :
What do you think will happen if we type “YES”
instead of “yes”
answer=input("Would you like express shipping? ")
if answer == "yes" :
    print("That will be an extra $10")
print("Have a nice day")

One of the challenges of working with strings of


characters, is that the computer considers “y” and
“Y” to be two different letters.
Is there a way we could change a string from
uppercase to lowercase?
answer=input("Would you like express shipping?")
if answer.lower() == "yes" :
    print("That will be an extra $10")
print("Have a nice day")

Hint: There were functions we could call for string


variables
Hint: lower()
What if we try an if statement with numbers instead
of strings
deposit = 150
if deposit > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
print("Have a nice day")

What will appear on the screen if deposit is 150?


What will appear on the screen if deposit is 50?
What will appear on the screen if deposit is exactly
100?
DEMO
Working with numeric values and if statements
Always test >,< and boundary conditions

deposit = 150
if deposit > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
print("Have a nice day")

So when you test this code, try:


a value less than 100
a value greater than 100
exactly 100
Click to edit Master
subtitle style

Handling user input


DEMO
Asking the user for a numeric value to use in an if
statement
How could we let the user enter the amount to
deposit?
deposit=input("How much would you like to deposit? ")
if deposit > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
print("Have a nice day")

Why did our code crash?


How can we fix it?
We have to convert the string value returned by the
input function to a number

deposit=input("How much would you like to deposit? ")


if int(deposit) > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
print("Have a nice day")

Here is another way to do the same thing


deposit=int(input("How much would you like to deposit? "))
if deposit > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
print("Have a nice day")
Click to edit Master
subtitle style

Branching
What if you get a free toaster for over $100 and a
free mug for under $100

deposit=input("How much would you like to deposit? ")


if float(deposit) > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
else:
print("Enjoy your mug!")
print("Have a nice day")
The code in the else statement is only executed if the
condition is NOT true
What will appear on the screen if we enter 50? 150?
100?
DEMO
Adding an else clause
You can use boolean variables to remember if a
condition is true or false
deposit= input("how much would you like to deposit? ")
if float(deposit) > 100 :
    #Set the boolean variable freeToaster to True
    freeToaster=True

#if the variable freeToaster is True 
#the print statement will execute
if freeToaster :
    print("enjoy your toaster")
Make sure you test what happens when your if statement
is true and what happens when your if statement is false.
DEMO
Using a Boolean variable and testing all paths
Why does our code crash when we enter a value of
50 for a deposit?
deposit= input("how much would you like to deposit? ")
if float(deposit) > 100 :
    #Set the boolean variable freeToaster to True
    freeToaster=True

#if the variable freeToaster is True 
#the print statement will execute
if freeToaster :
    print("enjoy your toaster")
Look at the error message: Name ‘freeToaster’ is not defined.
It’s always a good idea to initialize your variables!
#Initialize the variable to fix the error
freeToaster=False

deposit= input("how much would you like to deposit? ")
if float(deposit) > 100 :
    #Set the boolean variable freeToaster to True
    freeToaster=True

#if the variable freeToaster is True 
#the print statement will execute
if freeToaster :
    print("enjoy your toaster")
Aren’t you just making the code more complicated by
using the Boolean variable?
• That depends…
• What if you are writing a program, and there is more than one
place you have to check that condition? You could check the
condition once and remember the result in the Boolean variable
• What if the condition is very complicated to figure out? It might
be easier to read your code if you just use a Boolean variable
(often called a flag) in your if statement
And now we have more ways to make typing
mistakes! Can you find three?
deposit=input("How much would you like to deposit? ")
if float(deposit) > 100 
    print("You get a free toaster!")
freeToaster=true
else:
print("Enjoy your mug!")
print("Have a nice day")

deposit=input("How much would you like to deposit? ")


if float(deposit) > 100 :
    print("You get a free toaster!")
freeToaster=True
else:
print("Enjoy your mug!")
print("Have a nice day")
Your challenge

• Calculate shipping charges for a shopper


• Ask the user to enter the amount for their total purchase
• If their total is under $50 add $10, otherwise shipping is free
• Tell the user their final total including shipping costs and format
the number so it looks like a monetary value
• Don’t forget to test your solution with
– a value > 50
– a value < 50
– a value of exactly 50
Congratulations!

• Your code can now react to


different conditions!
• You can now solve problems
that require decision making
©2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Office, Azure, System Center, Dynamics and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the
U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft
must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after
the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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